【作者】 陈雪梅；

【导师】 宫秀华；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 世界史， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 公元43年至约公元410年,不列颠岛的大部分作为罗马帝国的一个行省——“不列颠尼亚”(Britiannia)而存在,因而也被称作“罗马不列颠”(Roman Britain)。在罗马的统治下,罗马的物质文化和精神文化不断渗透到不列颠当地人的生活中,致使不列颠在政治、经济、文化各方面都被不同程度地罗马化了。本文的目的即在于较系统地探究不列颠行省的罗马化状况,尤其是在城镇和宗教方面的罗马化,进而总结不列颠行省罗马化的特点。本文第一部分是罗马对不列颠征服史的梳理;分别介绍了罗马人到来之前的不列颠和凯撒两次远征不列颠的概况,以及最后克劳狄皇帝征服不列颠,建立不列颠行省的过程。第二部分论述了罗马对不列颠行省的管理模式。重点介绍了不列颠行省总督和其他重要官员的职责,罗马政府对不列颠的征税措施,部落行政区与行省议会的建立,以及罗马道路的修建。第三部分论述了罗马化城镇的建立和乡村中罗马化维拉的建立。第四部分分别论述了不列颠行省在语言、艺术和宗教方面的罗马化。罗马的统治不仅给不列颠人带来了长期的和平,更将其从野蛮蒙昧的铁器时代带入了以城镇为标志的文明时代。在不列颠作为庞大的罗马帝国的一个行省的近四百年时间里,由于罗马化程度不断加深,文明水平不断提高,与帝国其他地区的经济、文化交流也更为频繁。由此可见,不列颠行省的历史是一部历时长久、内容丰富且生动具体的历史;对不列颠行省罗马化的研究既有利于我们认识处于文明初期的不列颠的历史,亦能使我们更为深入地理解罗马帝国的行省统治策略。更多还原

【Abstract】 From AD 43 to about AD 410,the major part of the Great Britain was a province called“Britannia”of Rome Empire, and was also called“Roman Britain”. Under the Roman Rule, the material and spiritual culture of Romans permeated into the life of the native people, which led to the Romanization of Britainnia in politics, economy and culture in varying degrees. The paper is aimed at studying the Romanization of the Britainnia, especially how the towns and religion became Romanized, and further summarizing the features of the Romanization of Roman Britain.The first part gives a brief narration of the History of the Rome Conquest of Britain, including the Pre-Roman Britain, Caesar’s invasions, Claudius’s conquest of Britain and the establishment of the new Province.The second part analyses the management mode which Rome governed Britainnia. The writer elaborates the duties of the Governors and other key officials of Britainnia, the tax measures, the establishments of the tribe-cantons (civitas) and the provincial council, and the construction of Roman Roads.The third part discoursed upon the establishments of Roman towns of Roman Britain and has a discussion on the Roman villas in the countryside.The Fourth part analyses the Romanization of the Province in the aspects of languages, religion and art.The Romans not only brought long peace to Britannia, but also introduced the civilization to the barbaric Britons who still lived in the Iron Age. Britain existed as a province of the great empire for nearly four centuries, during which the Romanization developed and its civilization progressed, and the cultural exchanges and economic interaction between it and the other parts of the empire became more common. So we can see, Roman Britain has a long ,rich and vivid history that worth researching, and the studying of the Romanization of Britainnia will give us a better understanding of the Britain in its early stage of civilization as well as the governing techniques that Romans used in provincial administration.更多还原