【作者】 张妍；

【导师】 冯江；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 环境科学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以第二松花江干流为研究对象,收集了丰满大坝坝前段、吉林江段和松原江段的水生生物、沉积物重金属和有机毒物以及常规水质监测数据,运用层次分析法和综合指数法计算各江段的生态风险综合指数,进而对第二松花江干流区域水环境生态风险进行了初步评价:吉林江段和松原江段的平均区域水环境生态风险值分别与第二松花江上游江段(丰满大坝坝址前)区域水环境生态风险值做横向比较,上游江段为保护区,区域水环境基本没有受到污染,比较结果可以透视沿江城市工业化建设给区域水环境带来的潜在生态风险;吉林江段和松原江段区域水环境生态风险值做纵向对比,根据风险值差异分析不同城市建设给区域水环境带来的潜在生态风险,并根据风险值特点提出相应减缓措施,对于今后沿江工业城市建设在减轻区域水环境潜在生态风险方面具有重要意义。研究表明,吉林江段的潜在生态风险最大,其中对潜在风险贡献最大的是沉积物中的有机毒物和重金属,这主要是因为吉林市以石油、化工行业为主,在发展工业之初环境保护没有得到应有的重视,大量含有机毒物和重金属的废水处理不达标后排入江中,虽然目前由于环保力度加大已经限制甚至杜绝了重金属和有机毒物的排放,但之前的污染物沉入江中难以去除给该江段带来了较大的潜在生态风险;松原江段潜在生态风险略高于丰满坝前段,分析数据中可知,松原江段潜在风险的最大贡献者来自水质污染,这主要是由于城市生活污水特别是沿江村屯生活污水的不合理排放。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, the mainstream of the Second Songhua River was chosen as the study object. The monitoring data of aquatic organism, heavy metal in sediment, organic poison and regular water quality was collected from Fengman Dam section, Jilin section and Songyuan section of the Second Songhua River. Biodiversity index, Eco-frangibility index of heavy metal and organic poison in sediment and water pollution risk index were calculated by mature method at present. Aggregative index of ecological risks was analyzed by AHP(analytic hierarchy process) to primarily assess the ecological risks of water environment in the mainstream area of the Second Songhua River.The study showed that, due to the different development directons of cities along the Second Songhua River, the potential ecological risks of regional water environment differed from each other. It mainly reflected that the major contributors of the risks were diverse. The contributor of the potential risk at Jilin section was organic poison and heavy metal in the bottom of the river and at Songyuan section was sanitary sewage. What’s more, the potential ecological risk at Jilin section was distinctly higher than that of at Songyuan section.更多还原