【作者】 贵彩虹；

【导师】 蒙应杰； 吴晓利；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 计算机技术， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 无线传感器网络由于能够实时处理复杂环境下指定范围内的目标检测与跟踪,具有快速部署、抗毁性强等特点而受到重视,但目前对无线传感器网络最主要的限制是节点携带的电能有限,这会导致部分节点因环境或能量耗尽而失效,从而严重影响整个网络的生存期和数据传输的有效性,因此如何在无线传感器网络能量有限的前提下高效的使用能量,延长网络的生命周期就显得尤为重要。基于以上问题,为了延长无线传感器网络的生存期,并尽可能提高传输的有效性,设计了一种基于能量均衡的无线传感器网络模型,并对该模型的结构、传输机制及组织、多路经路由算法等进行了较为深入的研究,主要研究工作及成果有以下几个方面：(1)分析了影响无线传感器网络能量均衡的主要因素,在定义能量均衡的熵的基础上,采用双层结构设计了基于能量均衡的无线传感器网络模型,该模型结构简单,易于实施,具有均衡网络节点能量的自控力。(2)对于基于能量均衡的无线传感器网络模型,从Sink集中控制、节点自组织维护和网络重构三个方面设计了基于能量均衡的无线传感器网络的传输机制及其组织处理流程。(3)在考虑了能量均衡无线传感器网络路由传输中存在的能耗不均因素的前提下,对AODV协议进行了优化,从而避免了AODV协议存在的热点和网络分隔问题,并易于恢复断链。(4)设计了一种能量均衡的无线传感器双层网络拓扑结构下的多路径路由算法,并从能耗均衡、网络生存期、路由开销以及分组平均投递率等方面对算法的可用性及有效性进行了仿真验证和分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 Great attention is paid to the wireless sensor networks because they have such characteristics as rapid deployment and strong survivability, so they can handle the target detection, track in the specified range and complicated circumstances. But the main limitation of the sensor network is that the power carried by the nodes is limited, which results in the failure of some nodes because of their environment or energy depletion, so it can affect the survival of the entire network and the validity of the transmission. It is very important to efficiently use energy and prolong the network lifetime under the premise of limited energy of wireless sensor networks.Based on the above problem, in order to extend the lifetime of wireless sensor networks and enhance the efficiency of transmission as high as possible, a wireless sensor network model based on energy balance is designed. And a deeper research is done on its structure, transport mechanisms and organizations and multi-path routing algorithm. The main achievements of my research are as follows:(1)The paper analyses the main factors which affect energy balance of wireless sensor networks. Based on the definition of energy balance entropy, a model is made by using a double-layer topology structure. The structure is simple and easy to implement, and has the capacity to control itself in balancing the energy of network nodes.(2)As to wireless sensor network model based on energy balance, the transport mechanisms of wireless sensor networks and organizational processes is designed from three aspects:Sink centralized control, self-organizing maintenance of nodes and network reconstruction.(3)Under the premise of considering the imbalance of energy consumption in the transmission of wireless sensor networks, the AODV protocol is optimized, which avoids the hot issues and network separation problems, and broken links are easy to restore.(4)A multi-path routing algorithm is designed based on the double-layer topology of energy balanced wireless sensor network, A simulation verification and analysis are carried out in terms of availability and effectiveness of the algorithm from the aspect of energy balance, network lifetime, routing overhead and average packet delivery ratio.更多还原