【作者】 徐丽华；

【导师】 傅文青；

【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 ， 医学心理学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 目的:1.探讨农村留守环境对独生子女心理健康状况的影响;2.研究社会支持、自尊、自我效能感对压力背景下留守独生子女心理健康状况的保护作用,并探索其作用机制。方法:1.运用中国中学生心理健康量表、中学生心理应激源量表、青少年社会支持评价量表、自尊量表、及一般自我效能感量表,采用团体测试方法,对安徽省某乡镇初级中学进行整群调查。2.运用Epidata3.0输入数据,SPSS16.0统计,进行t检验、χ2检验、One-Way ANOVA分析、MANOVA分析、积差相关分析、多元回归分析等,并采用Amos7.0软件建构路径模型。结果:1.留守状况对独生子女的强迫(F=5.223, p=0.006)、抑郁(F=4.203, p=0.016)及总的心理健康状况(F=3.071, p=0.049)的主效应显著,而对非独生子女心理状况的主效应不显著;留守环境可解释独生子女心理健康状况2.2%的方差变异,预测作用达到了显著性水平(p=0.049),其中,以单亲外出的留守环境影响作用较大(β=0.225)。2.七种压力源联合可分别预测留守独生与非独生子女心理健康状况方差变异量的43.1%、34.5%;社会支持、自尊、自我效能感联合可分别解释两组留守儿童心理状况变异量的16.9%、14.8%。3.对留守儿童非独生组,仅他人支持对压力与心理健康状况之间的关系表现出较为明显的调节作用;而对于留守儿童独生组,除家人支持外,其他各种保护因素均显示出明显的调节作用。4.所建构的保护因素改善压力背景下留守儿童心理健康状况的路径模型,具有较好的拟合指数:χ2/df=1.516,p=0.181,RMSEA=0.033,CFI=0.997,GFI=0.996。结论:1.留守环境对独生子女心理健康状况的影响较为显著,以单亲外出的留守环境影响较大。2.相比于留守儿童非独生组,压力因素、保护因素均对独生组心理健康状况的预测作用较大;保护因素对压力背景下留守独生与非独生子女的心理健康状况表现出了不同的调节作用。3.社会支持对压力背景下留守儿童心理健康状况的保护作用符合动态效应模型,主要是通过间接作用来实现;自尊发挥了突出的中介调节功能;自我效能感则完全通过自尊的中介对留守儿童的心理健康状况起到保护作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective:1. To research the impact of left-home environment in rural area on mental health status of the only child; 2.To study the protective action of social support, self-esteem and self-efficacy on mental health status of the left-home only child under pressure and to explore the mechanism of action.Methods:1. Adopting method of group testing, Mental Health Inventory of Middle-School Students (MMHI-60) , the Stressor Scale for Middle-school Students, the Social Support Appraisal Scale, the Self-Esteem Scale and General Self-Efficacy Scale was administered to all the students of a junior school in a certain town of Wangjiang county in Anhui province. 2. Applying Epidata3.0 to input data and using SPSS16.0 to implement statistical analysis, such as t-test,χ2-test, one-way ANOVA, MANOVA, pearson correlation and multiple regression, and adopting Amos7.0 to explore path model.Results:1.The main effects of left-home status on obsessive- compulsive (F=5.223, p=0.006), depression(F=4.203, p=0.016), and the total mental health status(F=3.071, p=0.049) of only child were significant, while on mental health status of non-only child were not significant; Left-home environment could explain 2.2% of the variation of mental health status of only child, and the effect of prediction reached the level of significance(p=0.049), thereinto,“one parent left for work”had more effects(β=0.225). 2. The combination of seven stressors could predict 43.1% of the variation of the mental health status of left-home only-child, while could predict 34.5% of left-home non-only child; The combination of social support, self-esteem and self-efficacy could explain 16.9% extent of variation of the mental health status of left-home only-child, while 14.8% of left-home non-only child. 3. Each protective factor can attenuated the effect of stresses on mental health status of left-home-kids; for left-home non-only child, only support from others attenuated the positive association of stresses to mental health status, while for left-home only-child, all the protective factors shown obvious protective effects except support from family. 4.The path model, explored and constructed with Amos7.0 for the protective factors` effect on mental health status of left-home kids under pressure, showed that the fit indexes forχ2/df, p, RMSEA, CFI, GFI were 1.516, 0.181, 0.033, 0.997, 0.996.Conclusions:1. Left-home environment in rural area affects mental health status of only child much more than that of non-only child, among which one-parent-left-for- work environment is the main factor. 2.Compared with non-only-child in the same environment, stressors and protective factors can predict more extent of the variation of the mental health status of only child; the protective factors have different regulative effects on mental health status of left-home only child and non-only child under pressure. 4. The protective role of social support on mental health status of left-home kids under pressure corresponds to the dynamic effect model; social support affect mental health status of left-home only child primarily through indirect effect. Self-esteem played a prominent intermediate role of adjusting function on mental health status of left-home kids; while self-efficacy worked through self-esteem simply.更多还原