【作者】 彭希文；

【导师】 丁忠民；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 本文涉及泥鳅的生物学研究和农业经济研究两个学科领域。在生物学研究领域搞清楚泥鳅在研现状和既得成果；在此基础上,广泛开展重庆本地泥鳅品种分布和在养现状,拟定养殖品种,开展泥鳅生态环境调查、泥鳅食性、泥鳅人工催产技术、泥鳅育苗技术、泥鳅稻田养殖技术、泥鳅稻田捕捞技术等方面的研究。在农业经济学领域,通过对国内外研究现状的概述与相关理论的研究和分析,运用经济学与生态学等原理对重庆地区稻田养鳅进行可行性分析,同时利用重庆地区稻田养鳅实例开展经济学效用分析,最终找到农业技术推广过程中的问题和农业技术推广对农业增收的实际效用,并得出最终政策结论。稻田生态养殖技术是建立在农业土地资源的有效利用和改善农民收入的基础上的一种农村产业体系改造措施和增益措施。通过全生态的养殖方式,有效利用稻田资源,减少养鳅投入,使农民在有限的稻田资源上实现水稻不增产而收入增益。它的实现和推广将有效改善诸多三农问题。研究指出,在重庆地区适合发展生态养鳅。生态养鳅使稻田增益,总收入1100-1400元之间,净增收益500-600元；生态养鳅引导农村闲置劳动力的再分配,优化产业结构,社会效益显著；生态养鳅项目的开展使农业耕种模式实现理性回归到生态模式,野生泥鳅的种群数量得到增长,生态效益显著。更多还原

【Abstract】 Two subjects, Aquaculture Science and management of agricultural economy, are involved in this research. Here we mainly explored the cultivation technology of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus in fields and feeding management & industry efficiency of it, based on the natural science and the humanities respectively.Misgurnus anguillicaudatus is one kind of small freshwater fishes that is widely distributed in China. Recently, with its marketable value, especially its unique healthcare value being gradually revealed but its wild resource quantity showing a down trend, so it is necessary and urgent for us to take measures to deploy its manpower-breeding technology. Loach breeding has been a hot and vigorous field in the wide aquaculture domain. For a long time, poor in scale breeding technology has been a bottleneck for its mass breeding. hitherto, most of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus are cultivated by means of small intensive aquiculture, field ecological cultivation is still in the stage of exploration.Artificial spawning, natural propagation and standardized management during seedling periods are key factors to its large-scaled seedling. Having been exploring for 5 years, we have won the fund supports from Chongqing Education Committee and Water Conservancy Bureau of Wanzhou District, staged results, such as germinating at least 100,000 fish per time, have been also achieved in loach large-scaled seedling project. Related cultivation modes are also deployed based on these achievements.Growing rice in the field is a traditional agricultural planting in China, at the same time, rice field is also a traditional habitat for wild loach. fertile soil and abundant biological environment provide loach available living places and plentiful bait organisms, which makes this old species long live on this planet and enrich we human food resource. Last 1980’s, usage of modern agricultural techniques, in addition of abuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, made the filed environment which the wild loach resources live in worse and deficient. So, restoring wild loach resources, saving the artificial breeding cost, meeting the supply of green initiative loaches, increasing farmers’ income, ect. All these problems gave birth to ecological cultivation technology of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus in paddy fields.Ecological cultivation technology of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus means in order to obtain the best overall economic efficiency, ecology principle, rational usage of paddy field and ecological methods should be integrated in the breeding. Take Chongqing for instance, its landform, suitable climate, rotation habit and local government policy are advantages for vigorously developing the ecological cultivation.According to the resources surveys, we ascertained two kinds of local loach in Chongqing, they are P.dabryanus (Sauvage) and M.anguillicatus (Cantor). Here we chose M.anguillicatus (Cantor) as the main breeding cultivar. Many experiments results proved that when taking the artificial spawning, in order to the best seedling quantity, it is better to do this task in any time from the end of April to the middle of June. Loach that features 250IU have a better state of relative spawning quantity using HCG, fertility rate and rate of hatchability. Baits such as yolk, soya-bean milk and rotifer have different influence on loach’s feeding, movement and physical condition, rotifer is the best biological bait for its palatability, trophism and environment-friendly. Besides cultivation technology, management during the seedling periods should be given the primarily important attention, such as betterment of field and meeting the technology requirement. Explicating the days after tillering stage as the releasing time. In order to save cost, we applied fertilizer rather than casting bait to make sure that the loach were green. The single suttle weight could be up to 20g in October after applying additional baiting method, this met the standard for sale, it yielded 50kg per mu.Surrounding the maximization earnings of field and new ideas of rural economy development, combining with Chongqing local humanity, climate, resource and other characteristics, building the industrial structure which features ecological agriculture and tourism as its backbone, constructing the ecological agriculture with field ecological cultivating loach as its pillar industry as the core idea, only in this way could we realize the sustainable development of industries. In addition, during the development, expanding industry chain, combining agriculture, aquaculture, tourism and the agricultural products processing and trade, producing resource advantage, strengthening industrial linkage, plan and design scientifically, all these means are for the expect of increasing the gain of rural paddy fields ecological cultivation of loach. We had actual example:taking ecological cultivation for instance, releasing 2000 fish per mu would harvest 50kg product loach per year and a farmer would receive more Y600.更多还原