【作者】 李敏；

【导师】 郑春梅；

【作者基本信息】 山西大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 为了进一步探讨竞技体操比赛制胜因素的重要性,以国际体操联合会《女子竞技体操评分规则》为依据；以第29届奥运会和第42届世锦赛女子团体比赛为例,采用类比方法进行具体数字计算。本文在选取样本模型时,对比赛规模、项目、成绩以及影响力等进行了考察,因而选定的研究对象较为客观,代表性强。在论证过程中,本文主要从难度因素、创新因素、稳定因素和优美因素四个方面对第29届奥运会和第42届世锦赛女子团体比赛进行现状分析。通过以上四方面的比较,我们发现,制胜因素的发展与变化符合《女子竞技体操评分规则》的规定,难度和稳定还是其关键因素。研究结果如下：(1)难度因素：我国的跳马项目在难度分值上分别低于美国和俄罗斯0.5分和1.4分,高低杠项目分别高于美国和俄罗斯1.3分和2.3分；这说明跳马项目依然是我国的弱项,难度是其薄弱环节；高低杠项目是我国的强项,主要还是在难度价值上占绝对优势。(2)创新因素：两次团体比赛中,我国仅在第29届奥运会的跳马项目上运用了创新动作,其它三项均未采用新动作；从第42届世锦赛中进入规则的新动作表来看,英国、法国、澳大利亚和俄罗斯都出现了两个创新动作,我国只有一个创新动作,是在高低杠项目中,说明我国还需加强对创新因素的重视。(3)稳定因素：两次团体比赛中,我国和其它两个优秀国家的48套(中国24套、美国12套、俄罗斯12套)动作中共出现了9次重大失误,其中我国的24套动作中出现了4次重大失误(3次掉下器械,1次出现虚摆)；落地稳定性是当前各国普遍存在的技术问题,但可以发现的是,体操选手的落地稳定性整体水平都是在逐渐提升的。(4)优美因素：两次团体比赛中,我国与美国、俄罗斯国家在完成分上的差距不大,都是在0.2-0.4的分差范围之内,这更说明了我国的弱势项目还是输在了难度分值上。回顾中国女子竞技体操发展史,总体是呈上升趋势的,但在各世界大赛中所取得的成绩远远不如中国男队的成绩,但由于女子竞技体操受制于我国传统的训练模式,难度创新和完成质量的训练方法仍是中国女队的薄弱环节。借鉴世界优秀运动员的成功经验,通过对比思考,最后,本文从项目发展提出建议：(1)制胜因素的目标是关注于竞技体操整体价值的最大化。因此,如何充分有效的在比赛中发挥作用,应该有着更多的讨论。(2)难度创新和完成质量在制胜因素中占有重要的位置,其发展与改变是与评分规则紧密联系在一起的。本文在考虑制胜因素的同时,对可持续发展所作的分析正是符合体操发展规律的,同时还应该考虑到运动员个人特点对整个制胜因素的影响。(3)随着竞技运动的飞速发展和运动员技术水平的不断提高,寻求和探索制胜因素的研究必然是竞技体操的重中之重,更难、更新、更稳、更美,仍然是竞技体操运动的生命。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to further explore athletics gymnastics the importance of winning the match factors, to international gymnastics federation of woman athletics gymnastics scoring rules for basis;with the 29th Olympic Games and 42nd annual world championships in women team competitions for example,by adopting the analogy method for specific Numbers calculation. Based on the sample model to match,the scale and influence,items,grades and influence,selected research object is more objective and representative is strong.In the process,this paper demonstrated mainly from the difficulty factor,innovation factors,stability factors and graceful factors four aspects to the 29th Olympic Games and 42nd annual world championships in women group match to analyze the current situation.Through the above four sorts of comparison,we found that the change and development of the winning factor with the women’s athletics gymnastics rules "regulation,difficulty and stable or its key factors.The results:1. The difficulty factor:China’s difficulty vault score were lower than the United States and Russia 0.5 points and 1.4 points in vault,and China’s difficulty vault score is higher the United States and Russia 1.3 points and 2.3 points in uneven;This shows vault is still our weaknesses,difficulty is the weak link;The project is uneven in China,mainly still in difficulty strengths of absolute advantage in value.2. Innovation factors:two-time group game,our country and other two excellent national 48 sets (China 24 sets, American 12 sets, Russia 12 sets) movement only with 2 times to athletes the difficulty of movement named athletes,it is on the 29th Olympic Games in China and the United States with 1 times each contestant.3. Stability factors:two-time group game,our country and other two excellent national 48 sets (China 24 sets,American 12 sets,Russia 12 sets) action party appeared 9 times blunder,including the 24 set of movements in China appeared four times blunder (three times drop down devices,1 times to appear empty place);Landing stability is the universal problems of technology,but can be found is the landing stability,gymnasts overall level of ascension in gradually.4. Stability factors:two-time group game, our country and other two excellent national 48 sets (China 24 sets,American 12 sets,Russia 12 sets) action party appeared 9 times blunder, including the 24 set of movements in China appeared four times blunder (three times drop down devices,1 times to appear empty place);Landing stability is the universal problems of technology,but can be found is the landing stability,gymnasts overall level of ascension in gradually.Review the Chinese women’s athletics gymnastics development history, overall is rising,but in all the world series than the achievements of the Chinese result,but due to traditional Chinese women by the auction gymnastics training mode,difficulty innovation and complete quality training method is still is the weak link of the Chinese women’s team.From the successful experience of the world elite athletes,by contrasting the thinking, finally,this article from the project development Suggestions:(1)The goal is winning factor focus on athletics gymnastics overall value maximized. Therefore,how to fully effective in game play a role should have more discussion.(2)Difficulty innovation and complete quality in winning factor plays an important position,its development and change is and scoring rules closely together.Based on the consideration of the winning factor of sustainable development,meanwhile,the analysis is accord with gymnastics development law,also should consider to athletes to the personal characteristics winning factor.(3)Along with the rapid development of competitive sports athletes and technology level unceasing enhancement, seeking and explore the factors that winning is necessarily athletics gymnastics priority,harder to,update,and more stable,more beautiful,is still athletics gymnastics movement’s life.更多还原