【作者】 孙娴；

【导师】 孙法柏；

【作者基本信息】 山东科技大学 ， 经济法学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 贸易自由化与贸易公平问题一直是引起国际社会广泛争论的问题,贸易自由化是否损害贸易公平,贸易公平的实现是否会阻碍贸易自由化的发展,这些问题对国际贸易的发展提出了新的课题和挑战。从贸易产生之初人们对贸易的否定态度,到之后重商主义思潮的影响产生对贸易自由化的要求,再到生产力高度发展的现代阶段对贸易公平的诉求,国际贸易经历了对效率、自由和公平的价值追求阶段。通过分析国际贸易的历史,可以发现国际贸易对自由和公平的追求从未停止,而且为了推进贸易自由化和贸易公平,WTO做出了巨大努力,制订了以最惠国待遇、国民待遇、互惠待遇和特殊和差别待遇为主的贸易原则,在遵循贸易自由化的基础上从体制上对贸易的公平进行予以保证,体现了对广大发展中国家的关注。虽然国际社会努力营造公平贸易的平台,但由于贸易原则在实施过程中,普惠制的单方授予性和附条件性、国民待遇例外的模糊性和滥用、特殊和差别待遇的体制性缺陷等原因,使贸易原则的作用大打折扣；而且贸易各方纷纷从国内竞争法入手,制定有利于自己的竞争政策,并将人权条件、技术性贸易壁垒悄然纳入竞争政策中,这扭曲了贸易自由化的本旨；加之与贸易有关的贸易救济措施的不当使用,旨在弥补贸易不公平的“两反一补”措施却成了贸易公平运行的绊脚石。基于国际贸易运行的现状,构建一个公平的自由贸易体制就成为大势所趋,该贸易体制要以有效的非互惠待遇为基础,协调与贸易有关的各项竞争政策,引导各贸易主体合理运用技术优势和贸易救济措施,打造一个公平的贸易竞争平台。更多还原

【Abstract】 The liberalization and the fair of trade has been the international question. The liberalization of trade does not undermine the fair of trade, and the fair of trade does not hinder the development of the liberalization of trade, These issues are new challenges of the development of international trade.People have a negative attitude towards trade from the beginning, then the impact of mercantilist makes the requirement of trade liberalization, and the highly developed of productivity makes the demands of the trade fairness, International trade has experienced the pursuit of efficiency, freedom and fairness. By analyzing the history of international trade, you will find that the pursuit of freedom and fairness has never stopped. In order to promote trade liberalization and trade fairness, WTO Makes great efforts, formulates a lot of trade principles, such as MFN treatment, National treatment, Reciprocity treatment and Special and differential treatment, ensures the fairness of trade on the basis of following trade liberalization, shows the focus of developing countries. Although international community efforts to create a platform for trade fairness, in the implementation process of the trade principles, the nature of unilateral and conditional of GSP, the ambiguity and abuse of the exception of national treatment, and the institutional defects of the special and differential treatment, reduce the functions of the trade principles. And the trading parties formulate domestic competition law, develop the competition policies in their own favor, bring the human rights conditions and technical barriers to competition policy, these measures distort the tenor of trade liberalization. And the improper use of the trade-related remedy measures, "two against one subsidy" measures have become a stumbling block of the run of the trade fairness. Taking into account the status of international trade, construct a new fairness-freedom trade regime has become a necessity. It is constructed on the basis of effective non-reciprocal treatment, coordinates the various trade-related competition policies, guide the trade parties use the technological advantage and trade remedy measures reasonable, create a freedom-fairness competition platform.更多还原