【作者】 张敏杰；

【导师】 赵国樑；

【作者基本信息】 北京服装学院 ， 材料学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 当前,在聚酯纤维被日益广泛应用的同时,以服装纺织品、非织造布等形式产生的聚酯纤维废弃物也随之逐年增多,对社会造成了极大的环境和资源压力。使用后废旧聚酯纤维结构的劣化、颜料及其它杂质等因素的影响,给废旧聚酯纤维的回收再利用带来了诸多技术难题。因此,开展对废旧聚酯纺织品的回收再利用技术研究具有重要的理论和实际意义。为了研究聚酯在多次回收循环中结构性能的变化,本文设计了聚酯熔融挤出--固相增粘循环实验,对每次固相增粘后的切粒进行了特性粘度、DSC测试,并用其切粒进行纺丝,测试纺丝后纤维的断裂强度及色值。采用固相缩聚的方法,研究了PET降解料(PET-D)、海军军装回收料(PET-H)以及陆军军装回收料(PET-L)在固相缩聚前后特性粘度的变化,针对上述3种回用料不同的固相增粘趋势,为了考察回收聚酯纤维中颜料对固相缩聚的影响,通过共混方法,制备了5种含有不同颜料的聚酯切粒,与PET-D在相同的条件下固相缩聚,研究了温度、颜料等因素对聚酯固相缩聚增粘程度的影响。进行了常规PET(V-PET)、V-PET回用料、废旧军装回用料的纺丝实验,比较了所得三种纤维的力学性能。进行了废旧海军、陆军液相增粘回用料(PET-H、PET-L)的纺丝实验,比较了上述两种纤维的力学性能。对废旧陆军军装进行醇解、再聚合、纺丝初步实验,测试了纺丝后纤维的力学性能。实验结果表明,在聚酯的熔融挤出--固相增粘循环实验中,随着循环次数的增加,增粘后聚酯的特性粘度逐渐下降、熔点逐步降低,单纤维断裂强度下降、色值b值增加、L值减小。虽然经多次增粘后聚酯特性粘度仍在纤维级聚酯水平,但与初始聚酯相比,熔融挤出--固相增粘的循环处理使聚酯可纺性变差,所得纤维力学性能下降。废旧聚酯固相增粘遵循聚酯固相缩聚的基本规律。与未着色的废旧聚酯相比,颜料的存在对聚酯的固相增粘有一定影响,含有不同颜料的聚酯切粒增粘趋势有所不同。比较V-PET、V-PET回用料、废旧陆军军装切粒回用料的纺丝情况可知,V-PET的可纺性及纤维力学性能最佳,V-PET回用料次之,废旧陆军军装切粒回用料较差。通过废旧海军、陆军液相增粘回用料的纺丝实验比较得知,废旧海军液相增粘回用料可纺性及纤维力学性能较好。与固相增粘及液相增粘工艺相比,有色聚酯织物醇解再聚合所得回用料,经纺丝后纤维的力学性能更佳。更多还原

【Abstract】 While the polyester fiber has been increasingly used for variety of applications, its waste in the form of the apparel textiles or nonwovens are increased.,which has been exerted great environment and resource pressures on the sociaty. Factors such as polymer structure degradation, existence of the pigments and other impurities have made the polyester recycling more difficult. Therefore, researches on the process of the polyester fiber recycling have great theoretical and practical significance. In order to simulate the wear and recycling processes of polyester garments, an extrusion melting - SSP (solid-state polymerization) circulating treatment was designed using a min-extruder and a lab scale SSP device. The intrinsic viscosity and spinnability as well as the fiber properties of PETs after each circulation were evaluated.In this paper, solid state polymerization (SSP) method was used to study the intrinsic viscosity (IV) changes of PET-D, PET -H and PET-L in SSP process. In order to study the influence of the pigments on the SSP effects, five polyester chips containing different kind of pigments were prepared and the SSPs were conducted for the five along with PET-D in the same conditions. The influncial factors such as temperature and pigment stypes were studied. The three PETs, namely the virgin PET, recycled PET and PET recycled from PLA uniforms, were spun and the mechanical properties were compared.The PET-H and PET-L were spun and the mechanical properties were comparedThe used PLA uniforms were glycolytically depolymerized using excessive ethylene glycol, then repolymerised in the presence of catalyst and spun. The mechanical properties of the fiber were compared.The results showed that, in the polyester recycle process experiment, the intrinsic viscosity, melting temperature, color (indicated using b and L values) of the polyesters were found detioriated after each circulating treatment. The spinnability and the mechanical properties of the fibers of polyesters after the treatment was getting poorer as the number of cycles increased.The SSP process of the recycled PET followed the same principal as that for the virgin polyesters. Compared to the PET-D, the existence of the pigments had certain effects on its SSP,and the trends for the intrinsic viscosity increase for the five polyester chips containing different kind of pigments were found differenct.The spinning property of the three PETs, namely the virgin PET, recycled PET and PET recycled from PLA uniforms showed that the virgin PET possess the best spinnability and the mechanical properties and the PET recycled from PLA uniforms was the worst.The spinning experiment of the PET-H and PET-L showed that PET-H had better spinnability and the mechanical properties..Compared to the SSP and liquid polymerization, the ferrous fabric undergone glycolytically depolymerized-repolymered and spun, showed a better mechanical property.更多还原