【作者】 张欢；

【导师】 崔瑾；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 植物学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 随着光电技术的发展,LED (Light Emitting Diode,发光二极管)在农业与生物领域的应用正逐渐受到世界各国的广泛关注。LED不仅具有体积小、寿命长、耗能低、波长固定与低发热等优点,而且还能根据植物需要进行发光光谱的精确配置,实现传统光源无法替代的节能、环保和空间高效利用等功能。光质对植物的生长发育、形态建成、光合作用、物质代谢以及基因表达均有调控作用。将LED辐射的各种光谱进行配比组合应用在植物组织培养、设施育苗、芽苗菜中具有重要意义。本研究以菊花、蝴蝶兰和文心兰组培苗,番茄、莴苣幼苗,及豌豆、萝卜种子等为试验材料,获得植株所需的各种光谱能量分布的LED光源,开展生长试验和指标测试分析,系统研究不同光谱能量分布的LED光源对不同品种的组培苗、实生苗,及种子发育及其各个生长阶段的影响,为LED光谱调控在农业与生物领域中的应用提供基础。研究结果如下：1.对番茄和莴苣幼苗的实验表明,红光下番茄、莴苣幼苗的可溶性糖、淀粉和碳水化合物值均显著高于对照,叶片叶绿体中淀粉粒膨大显著；蓝光极显著抑制番茄下胚轴长,显著提高莴苣和番茄幼苗叶片叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素含量；红蓝光下莴苣幼苗叶片中的可溶性糖、淀粉、碳水化合物、蔗糖和C/N比均达到最大值且显著高于红光处理,番茄、莴苣的主根显著伸长,并且幼苗叶片中叶绿体形态正常,基粒增多,基质片层清晰,淀粉粒体积明显小于红光下。红光下光合产物积累显著但运输受阻严重。在红光中添加适量蓝光更有利于莴苣幼苗的碳水化合物积累,促进幼苗根系生长并有利于同化产物输出。2.对菊花增殖苗及生根苗的实验表明,红光有助于增加株高、节间长,且有利于生根试管苗可溶性糖、淀粉和碳水化合物的合成；蓝光显著提高丛生苗的叶绿素b、叶绿素总量及类胡萝卜素含量和生根试管苗游离氨基酸含量；而红蓝黄复合光不仅有利于丛生苗分化和增殖,也利于促进其生根组培苗色素形成、生长发育及根系活力。与荧光灯相比,红蓝黄复合光质LED具有明显优势,有利于提高增殖系数、培育壮苗和降低能耗成本。3.对文心兰和蝴蝶兰生根研究结果表明,红光有助于增加株高,且有利于生根试管苗可溶性糖、淀粉和碳水化合物的合成；蓝光显著提高生根苗的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总量及类胡萝卜素含量和生根试管苗蛋白质含量；而红蓝黄复合光处理下两种植株生长生长健壮,生根率高,根长且根数多,干重鲜重较大,有利于文心兰和蝴蝶兰的的正常生长。与荧光灯相比,红蓝黄复合光质LED具有明显优势,有利于提高增殖系数、培育壮苗和降低能耗成本。4.对萝卜芽苗菜的生长及品质的研究结果表明,红光对萝卜芽苗菜生长影响显著,下胚轴长、子叶面积、鲜重及干重均达到最大值且显著高于对照。红光与红蓝组合处理下,可溶性糖与淀粉含量均显著高于对照。远红光能显著提高萝卜芽苗菜Zn、P、Mn、Mg、Ca、Na含量,其次为红光。综合考虑实验结果,可以认为应用LED红光照射有利于萝卜芽苗菜生长,提高产量,对于部分营养品质的改善有积极意义。5.对豌豆芽苗菜生长及品质的研究结果表明,黄光处理下的下胚轴长、第三节距长显著高于对照,其次是红光,与黄光相比,红光的子叶面积显著高于黄光,红光对促进下胚轴伸长、子叶扩张、光合速率提高及干物质积累有重要作用,蓝光和黄光处理下的叶面积显著小于对照。组合光下的叶面积高于对照,色素含量最高,但鲜重低于其它光质处理。蓝光下的可溶性蛋白含量及游离氨基酸的含量均最高。综上所述,本研究表明,LED光谱调控应用到农业与生物领域具有可行性,可替代荧光灯大范围应用于设施育苗、植物组织培养及芽苗菜生产中。更多还原

【Abstract】 The application of light-emitting diode (LED) in agriculture and bio-industry has been concerned by all over the world along with the development of LED technology. LED not only has many advantages, such as small size, long life, low energy consumption, securing wave length and low production of heat, but also can emit the exact spectrum based on the need of plant. LED can actualize a lot of functions, such as energy saving, environment protection and efficient space utilization, which can not be achieved by conventional light source.Light spectrum plays an important role in plant development, morphogenesis, metabolism and gene expression. Application of light spectrum of LED on plantlets are important for plant tissue culture, plant cultivation and bud seeding vegetable. In this thesis, Phalaenopsis and Oncidium of orchids, tomato and lettuce seedlings, pea and radish seeds were tested to investigate the effects of light spectrum on growth of plantlets in different stages. The results are as follows:1. Effects of light qualities on the growth and leaf ultrastructure chloroplast of tomato and lettuce seedlings were studied. The results showed that, under red LED, the soluble sugar, starch of tomato and lettuce seedlings were significantly higher than those of the control, starch granules swelled obviously. Under blue LED, the length of hypocotyl of tomato seedlings were remarkably restrained, the chlorophyll a and carotenoid content of leaf of both seedlings were significantly increased. Under red+blue LED, the soluble sugar, starch, sucrose and C/N of lettuce seedlings were maximal and significantly higher than those of the red LED, the length of main roots of both seedlings were significantly increased as well, and the leaf chloroplast morphology was normal, the number of grana increased, the stroma lamellae was clear, the starch granules were less than those of red LED. The results suggested that effects of light quality on the photomorphogenesis, growth, metabolism of carbon and nitrogen including development of leaf chloroplast of plant seedlings were remarkable. Photosynthate was accumulated significantly but its transport was hindered badly under red LED. Adding some blue LED to red LED was in favor of the accumulation of photosynthate, growth of roots and export of assimilation product of lettuce seedlings.2. The effects of different light spectral energy distribution of LED on proliferation and growth of chrysanthemum plantlets in vitro were studied. The results showed that, red LED was in favor of enhancing plant height and the third internode length, and synthesizing soluble sugar, starch and carbohydrate; the contents of chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a+b and carotenoid of shoots including contents of amino acid of plantlets in vitro were significantly increased by blue LED; complex of red, blue and yellow LED was not only suitable for differentiation and proliferation of shoots in vitro, but for pigment synthesis, growth and root vigor of plantlets in vitro. The results indicated that, as compared with fluorescent light, application of complex of red+blue+yellow LED was propitious to improve propagation coefficient, breed vigorous plantlets and decrease energy consumption.3. The effects of different light spectral energy distribution of light-emitting diode (LED) on proliferation and growth of Oncidium and Phalaenopsis plantlets in vitro were studied. The results showed that, red LED was in favor of enhancing plant height and synthesizing soluble sugar, starch and carbohydrate; the content of chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a+b and carotenoid of shoots including content of amino acid of plantlets in vitro were significantly increased by blue LED; complex of red, blue and yellow LED, Oncidium and Phalaenopsis plantlets all had strong growth, high enriched degree, more quantity roots and higher dry and fresh mass. The results indicated that, as compared with fluorescent light, application of complex of red+blue+yellow LED was propitious to improve propagation coefficient, breed vigorous plantlets and decrease energy consumption.4.Effects of different light qualities(red light, far-red light, yellow light, blue light, and red+blue light) generated from light emitting diodes (LED) on the growth of radish sprouting seedlings were studied. Fluorescent light was used as the control. From the experimental results, red LED was the most effective for the growth of radish sprouting seedlings, and exhibited the highest hypocotyl length, cotyledon area and fresh/dry weight. Red LED and red+blue LED significantly increased the content of soluble sugar and starch; far-red LED significantly increased the content of Zn, P, Mn, Mg, Ca and Na. The results suggested that application of red LED could accelerate the growth of the radish sprouting seedlings, increase the yield and improve some nutrient component. 5. Effects of different light qualities(red light, yellow light, blue light, and red+blue light) generated from light emitting diodes (LED) on the growth of pea seedlings were studied. Fluorescent light was used as the control. From the experimental results, yellow LED was the most effective for the growth of pea seedlings, and exhibited the highest hypocotyl length. Red LED is secondly, compared with yellow LED, the cotyledon area was higher. The cotyledon area was lowest under blue LED and yellow LED. Red LED plays an important role in hypocotyl elongation, cotyledon expansion, photosynthetic rate improvement and dry matter accumulation. Red+blue LED significantly increased the cotyledon area and the contents of chlorophyll; Blue LED had highest amino acid and protein content. The results suggested that application of LED could accelerate the growth of the radish sprouting seedlings, increase the yield and improve some nutrient component.In conclude, this study supported the feasibility of application of light spectrum regulation of LED on agriculture and bio-industry, which would replace fluorescent and be widely used in plant cultivation, plant tissue culture and bud seeding vegetable.更多还原