【作者】 由晓飞；

【导师】 沈贵银；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 科技哲学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 现代社会是一个以科学技术为基础的社会,在科学技术不断为人类创造物质财富、改变人类生活方式的同时,也加剧了人类对自然界的消极影响,加大了人类危害自身生存的可能性,比如：核辐射、转基因食品、农药污染等科学技术的负面效应问题。可以说,科学技术已经成为当今社会不可忽视的一个风险源。为了应对这一危机局面,学术界对科技风险的探讨早已提上日程。然而,科学技术的副作用,诸如：核动力风险、基因工程风险等科技风险,这些风险对人类生存潜的威胁和破坏作用构成了现代社会日益严重的危机。现代科学技术正在成为当代大的社会风险源,科技风险与当代社会息息相关。我国是一个以农业为基础的农业大国,农业的发展直接影响着其他社会领域的进步,因此,农业科技的应用是否存在风险,是本文研究的重点。本文在总结中外学者研究成果基础上,对农业科技风险及其特征进行界定,通过对农业科技的特点和风险进行阐述,重点对农业育种科技、农药科技和化肥科技的使用进行风险分析,由于科学技术的各种不确定性因素,农业科技有可能带来潜在的科技风险,最后以转基因作物种植风险为案例研究,从生态角度得出转基因作物研究和应用在给人类带来福利的同时,也会存在风险。基于本研究结果,综合分析科技风险的产生的各种不确定因素,望为中国规制科技风险的工作,提供一些思考与建议。风险是科学技术的内在属性,科技风险不可能完全消除,但我们希望通过政府以及社会各界多方面共同努力,将科学技术所造成的风险降到最低,从而促进人类社会和谐、持续、稳定发展,农业的可持续发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Modern society is a science -and-technology-oriented society. Creating material wellbeing for our human beings and changing our ways of life, science and technology at the same time has negative effects on us and nature and even threaten to our survival. The negative effects include nuclear radiation, genetically modified food, and agricultural chemical pollution etc. As it were, science and technology has already become a risk source which should not be ignored by our society. However, the side effects of science and technology, such as:nuclear power risks, risks of genetic engineering technology risks which the threat to human survival and damage potential role in modern societies, the growing crisis. Contemporary modern science and technology is becoming a big source of social risk, technology risk and is closely related to contemporary society. Our country is based on agriculture; the development of agriculture directly affects the progress of other social fields. Therefore, the focus of this study is the application of agricultural science and technology are at risk. This paper summarizes research results on the basis of Chinese and foreign scholars and defines the risks and characteristics of agricultural science and technology. By describing the features and risks of Agriculture through science and technology, focus on agricultural breeding technology, pesticide and fertilizer technology used technology risk analysis. As science and technology of various uncertainties, the application of agricultural science and technology may bring the potential risks. Finally, take the risk of GM crops as a case study, drawn from the ecological point of view of research and application of genetically modified crops brings benefits to mankind, it would also be at risk. Based on the results of this study, a comprehensive analysis of risk for a variety of technological uncertainty, hope for the Chinese scientific and technological risk regulation, provide some thoughts and suggestions. Risk is an inherent property of science and technology, technological risks can not be completely eliminated, but we hope that through various governments and the community work together to create science and technology to minimize the risk, so as to promote harmony of human society, sustained and steady development, and sustainable development of agriculture.更多还原