【作者】 周峰；

【导师】 焦淑红；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工程大学 ， 通信与信息系统， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 无源定位系统由于自身不辐射信号,具有隐蔽性强、探测距离远、抗干扰能力强的优点,在现代信息化战争中扮演着越来越重要的作用。机载单站无源定位技术具有良好的灵活性和机动性,是无源定位领域中的一个研究热点。论文主要围绕机载单站无源定位的一系列问题展开工作,从定位原理、可观测条件、定位误差分析、跟踪滤波算法等方面进行详细研究和讨论。首先分别介绍了基于相位差变化率和多普勒频率变化率的单站无源定位原理,并进行了可观测性分析。针对现有单站无源定位方法存在的缺点和不足,将多普勒频率变化率法观测参数中的角度变化率由相位差变化率替换,重构观测方程组,得到改进的复合定位方法,避免了测量角度变化率的系统负担,降低了定位系统硬件平台的设计难度,同时提高了算法的实时性和实用性。论文第三章构建了复合定位体制下机载单站无源定位系统的模型,研究了单次定位算法,推导得出利用相位差变化率和多普勒频率变化率进行单次定位的表达式,并进行了单次定位随机误差分析,仿真得出了影响单次定位精度的主要因素。目标定位跟踪的实质是非线性最优滤波问题,即通过非线性观测得到目标状态(包括位置、速度、加速度等)的估计。第四章研究了利用相位差变化率和多普勒频率变化率进行单站无源定位与跟踪的算法问题,研究重点放在提高算法的稳定性方面。在扩展卡尔曼滤波及其衍生算法和Sigma点卡尔曼滤波算法的基础上,将平方根滤波的思想引入到SPKF算法中,提出SR-SPKF算法；针对滤波器在更新过程中可能出现协方差矩阵负定从而导致算法不稳定的问题,提出基于奇异值分解的SVD-SRSPKF算法,仿真结果表明这两种方法在保证定位与跟踪精度的前提下,都不同程度地提高了算法的稳定性。论文的研究结果对于改进机载单站无源定位技术具有一定的参考价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the merits self-hiding, far distance detection, strong anti-interference ability, Passive location system plays an increasingly important role in the modern information war because it does not radiate electromagnetic wave. The technology of the single airborne observer passive location has good flexibility and mobility as the hotspot of the passive location field. The location principle, observability conditions, position error analysis, tracking filter algorithms are researched and discussed extensively, arounding the key problems of single airborne observer passive location in this paper.First of all, the basic principle and observability analysis of the single observer passive location are introduced based on phase difference rate-of-change and Doppler rate-of-change information. Aim at the original algorithm’shortcomings and the insufficiency, we replace angle variation by phase difference rate and reconstruct observation equations so that an improved composite localization method is gotten. The system burden about measuring angle variation is avoided, and design difficulty of hardware platform is reduced, while improving the algorithm of real-time and practicability.In chapter 3, the model of single airborne observer passive location system is built, the single localization algorithm is studied and single orientation of expression is derived using phase difference rate and Doppler frequency variation. Single positioning random error analysis is given and simulation obtained main factors that influence single positioning accuracy.Passive target tracking is in essence the problem of nonlinear optimal filtering, i.e., the aim is to estimate the state (including position, velocity, and acceleration etc) of the target based on nonlinear measurements. The location and tracking algorithm is studied in chapter 4. For emphasizing the robustness of algorithm, SR-SPKF algorithm is proposed by the square root filtering thoughts based on extended Kalman filter and its derivative algorithms and Sigma point Kalman filtering algorithms. SVD-SRSPKF algorithm is put forward in the condition that the updating covariance matrix is negative so that algorithm is not stable. The simulation experiments results demonstrate that the two methods have better stability.The results of this thesis are meaningfull in improvement of single airborne observer passive location technology.更多还原