铝用阴极冷捣糊的研究

【作者】 方宁；

【导师】 谢刚；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 有色金属冶金， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 铝用阴极冷捣糊的施工温度为25～50℃,相比于热捣糊的施工温度100℃左右,冷捣糊的施工温度较低,不需加热,在室温下就能直接使用。冷捣糊具有与热捣糊相媲美的性能,但明显改善了工人施工条件,并减少了对环境的污染。冷捣糊的工业化生产技术一直由美国、法国、日本、挪威等发达国家控制,长期以来对我国施行严密的技术封锁,因此我国急需自主研究和开发冷捣糊并使之产业化。本文以电煅煤为骨料、中温沥青为粘结剂、蒽油为稀释剂、金属硅粉和硫为粘结剂添加剂,另添加石墨和TiB2制备铝用阴极冷捣糊。研究了颗粒组成,蒽油加入量对粘结剂炭化率的影响；粘结剂不同配比对试样灰分、挥发份、体积密度、抗压强度、电阻率、真密度、收缩率、抗钠侵蚀的影响；试样在焙烧过程中物相变化；添加剂对试样的性能影响；以及石墨和TiB2加入量对试样的影响。研究结果表明：(1)颗粒级配对冷捣糊的物理性能有较大的影响,对焙烧后的试样性能研究表明,当粒度分布系数n为0.45时,性能较好。(2)当粘结剂中蒽油加入量为30%时,冷捣糊体积密度较大,电阻率最小,灰分、挥发份、真密度、收缩率都比较优秀。随着葸油加入量增加,煤沥青的析焦率降低。(3)由于金属硅粉、硫能提高煤沥青的析焦率,因此随着加入量的增加,捣打料的体积密度、抗压强度都有不同程度的提高；研究表明,当金属硅粉、铝粉加入量分别为3%、2.5%时,试样的强度、体积密度、电阻率、收缩率较好。(4)石墨的加入有利于试样电阻率降低,但不利于试样的抗压强度。添加剂TiB2具有良好的抗钠渗透性能,它的加入能减小炭块阴极的钠膨胀。(5)通过对试样进行差重分析,分析了试样在焙烧过程中物相变化,研究了粘结剂作用机理,有利于对产品性能分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 The placement temperature of cold ramming paste for aluminium electrolysis is 25～50℃against 100℃of hot ramming paste for aluminium electrolysis. The cold ramming paste for aluminium electrolysis can be used at room temperature without heating. The characteristics of the cold ramming paste are as good as hot ramming paste for aluminium electrolysis after roasting. However the placement environment can be improved obviously and the environmental pollution can be reduced greatly. The technology of cold ramming paste for aluminium electrolysis is controlled by some developed counties for example America, Canada, Japan, Norway and so on. The independent technology of cold ramming paste for aluminium electrolysis needs to be developed and applied to production presently because of the technological blockade against our country.The cold ramming paste for aluminium electrolysis has been studied in the paper with electrically calcined anthracite as aggregate, soft pitch as binder, anthroic oil as thinner, metallic Si powder and sulfur powder as additive for binder and adding some graphite and TiB2-The effect of the grain size distribution and the added quantity of anthroic oil on carbonization rata of binder has been studied. The effect of the ratio of blinder on the ash content, volatile components, density of rock, compressive strength, resistively, skeletal density, shrinkage rate and erosion resistance of Na has also been studied. Then the phase analysis has been researched. Finally, the effect of additive added quantity of graphite and TiB2 on the samples has been studied. The results show that:(1) The particle size distribution has a great influence on physical properties. The research on the sample baked show that the physical of sample is best when the particle size distribution parameter (n) is 0.45.(2) The coke yield decreases with increasing the content of anthroic oil. The density of rock is big, the resistively is small and the ash content, volatile components, skeletal density and shrinkage rate is good when the content of anthroic oil is 30%.(3) The density of rock and compressive strength increase because the coke yield of cold ramming paste increases by adding metallic Si powder and sulfur powder. The results show that the compressive strength, density of rock, resistance rate and shrinkage rate of sample is good when the added quantities of metallic Si and sulfur powder are 3% and 2.5% respectively.(4) The resistance rate decreases by adding graphite which also has a negative effect on the compressive strength of sample. The erosion resistance of Na increases by adding TiB2 because the bulge of Na in carbon block cathode decreases.(5)The phase analysis has been researched in the baking process by TGA (thermogravimetric analysis). And the mechanism of thinner has also been studied. Then the researches have a positive effect on the characters of the products.更多还原