论我国农民环境权的保护

【作者】 杨冬香；

【导师】 期海明；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 环境与资源保护法学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 农民这一主体占据了我国总人口的绝大多数,可以说我国农民这一主体的环境权的享有状况直接反映了全国环境保护的发展水平。因此,在我国社会主义新农村建设时期,研究和探讨农民环境权的保护问题就显得尤为必要。本文在界定了农民环境权以及分析目前农民环境权现状的基础上对我国农民环境权的保护又进行了构建和完善,希望全社会都能清醒地意识到,在社会转型时期,加强农民环境权保护的必要性和紧迫性,并为将来对农民环境权保护的有关立法和实践提供些许理论基础,以期有所裨益。本文分四个部分。第一部分是基本理论的概述,包括了环境权的概念和特征的界定以及农民环境权的基本理论。农民环境权应从环境权的深入理解开始,首先通过学界对环境权的各种界定和观点的阐述从而对农民环境权的定义进行明确,同时阐明了农民环境权的特征以及其所涵盖的内容。农民环境权的理论概述是把握农民环境权的导入性理论,进而得以对农民环境权做出准确定位,是后文农民环境权保护的构建和完善的理论基础。第二部分是对农民环境权现状的审视。从我国农民环境权现状不容乐观,而现行法律制度又难以调和矛盾入手,进一步论述我国农民成为环境弱势群体的成因和特征,分析保护农民环境权意义之所在,进而从意识层面到实践领域对农民环境权的现状进行了全方位的审视。第三部分是对农民环境权保护中现存困境的分析。本部分从农民环境权保护立法的缺失、环保机构设置的不合理、环保社会资源分配的不合理、环境维权存在的困难、农民生态补偿制度的缺失这五个方面对我国农民环境权保护中所存在的主要问题进行了综合的比较分析,并从中总结出经验和教训,以期对我国农民环境权保护的体制设计有所启示。第四部分是对我国农民环境权保护的构建和完善。在事前我们首先要充分保障农民对环境的自治权以提高农民的主人翁意识,同时提高农民的环保意识以培养农民保护环境的社会责任感,为了更好的防范于未然,在事前我们还需要构建和完善农民环境权保护的立法以及建立健全农村环保机构的设置和农民参与制度；并在此背景下加强农村环境行政执法以及建立多形式的监督机制；最后从环境被污染破坏后的救济方面来构建和完善对农民环境权的保护,主要从三个方面着手,其一构建符合我国国情的环境公益诉讼制度；其二完善农民的生态补偿制度,以期能够实现经济发展和环境保护的双赢；其三完善农村环境法律援助制度,力使全体公民不论贫富都能平等的享有法律服务。本文从事前,事中和事后三个界点分别构建和完善保护农民环境权的制度设计,更能多角度、全方位的保护我国农民的环境权。更多还原

【Abstract】 The farmers have occupied the most of the population, It is said that farmers’ environmental rights enjoying situation directly reflect the development level of the national environment protection. Therefore, in the construction of the new countryside period, studying and discussing the problem of the farmers’ environmental rights is necessary. This text defines the farmers’ environmental rights and analyses the current farmers’ environmental rights, Then constructing and perfecting the farmers’ environmental rights, hoping the whole society who can be more aware of the urgency and the importance of the protection of the farmers’ environmental rights in the social transformation period, at the same time, that opinion can also provide the theoretical foundation for the protection legislation and system designing of the farmers’ environmental rights in the future.This paper is divided four parts. The first part is the basic theory, including a summary of the environmental rights, the characteristic and the basic theory of the farmers’ environmental rights. We should understand the environmental rights at the beginning, firstly we should understand the various circles on the environmental rights, then illustrate the characteristics and the content of the farmers’ environmental rights. The environmental rights are the introduction of the theory of the farmers’ environmental rights.In order to grasp the farmers’ environmental rights, we should accurately posit the farmers’ environmental rights, and give the theoretical basis for the constructing and perfecting the farmers’ environmental rights in the next part.The second part analyses the status of the farmers’ environmental rights. Nowadays, our farmers’ environmental rights are not optimistic, as well as the current legal system and the uncompromising contradictions, so we analyses the causes and characteristics for the farmers who are vulnerable groups, and we also scan the current situation of the farmers’ environmental rights from the consciousness to practice areas.The third part analyses the difficulties of the farmers’ environmental rights. There are five problems:lack of protection legislations about farmers’ environmental rights, protection agencies which set unreasonable, the protection social resource allocated is not reasonable, the difficulties in the protection of the farmers’ environmental rights, and our farmers lack of the ecological compensation system. At last, summarize the experience and lesson, in order to benefit for the system designed for the farmers’ environmental rights in the future.The fourth part is about of construction and profect the protection of the farmers’ environmental rights. We will fully guarantee the farmers’ environmental rights in order to improve farmers’ autonomy, also improve our farmers’ consciousness of the environment protection. At the same time we still need to construct the protection legislation, establish government agencies and farmers’ participation system. And in this context, we should strengthen the enforcement monitoring system. Finally, after the environment polluted, we should protect the farmers’ environmental rights from those three aspects:firstly, establish Public Interest Litigation; Secondly, establish the ecological compensation system; Thirdly, establish the legal aid system. This paper based on the three Demarcation point to construct the protection system of the farmers’ environmental rights, I hope that we can take more multi-angles and more measures to protect the environmental rights for our farmers.更多还原