【作者】 张轶秀；

【导师】 千怀遂；

【作者基本信息】 广州大学 ， 土地资源管理， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 生态系统服务包括生态系统提供的人类生活必需的生态产品和保证人类生活质量的生态功能这两部分。而土地是各种陆地生态系统的载体,研究不同区域土地利用类型变化引起的生态系统服务功能的变化,可为决策者提供更有效的信息,对于促进区域生态环境保护和可持续发展有重要意义。本文结合广州市1999～2008年的土地利用和经济发展的实际情况,对中国陆地生态系统服务价值各参数进行相应的调整,估算出广州市各用地类型的单位生态服务价值,作为广州市生态系统服务价值指数,从时间和空间上分别计算广州市土地利用变化所引起的生态系统服务价值的变化。通过相关性和敏感性分析,定量揭示了广州市生态系统服务价值与社会经济发展之间的关系。本文的主要结论如下:(1)从不同土地生态系统服务功能价值指数来看,湿地的生态服务功能最高,其次是农田生态系统,森林生态系统在水源涵养,气候调节方面具有较高的服务价值,但其总的生态服务价值却低于湿地和农田生态系统,居民点及工矿用地所产生的负生态效益为-1936Yuan/hm2。(2)1999～2008年广州市生态服务价值与土地利用变化总特点为:土地利用结构变化导致了生态服务价值的持续下降。虽然近几年林地和湿地的面积有所增加,但它们增加的生态服务价值无法弥补耕地减少所带来的生态服务价值的损失,从而难以遏制整个系统生态服务价值下降的趋势。(3)1999～2008年广州市生态系统服务价值的空间分布特点为:随着离中心城区距离的增加,土地生态服务价值呈增加趋势。从各类土地生态系统所占比重来看,海珠区和番禺市的湿地服务价值所占比重较大;从化市、增城市、花都市和白云区的森林生态服务价值比重较大;而各区域农田生态价值所占比重普遍不高。(4)从生态系统服务价值与经济社会发展的相关关系看,1999～2008年广州市生态服务总价值与总人口、GDP、城市化水平呈现出极为显著的负相关关系,而土地生态服务价值又表现出对社会经济发展因素缺乏敏感性,说明社会经济发展的增长在短期内不会对生态资源造成较大影响,根据环境库兹涅茨曲线理论,随着经济发展到一定阶段,即GDP达到9100×108Yuan,年末常住人口数量达到1070.5万人时,广州市的土地生态服务价值开始出现转折点,生态服务价值开始提高,因此,我们必须把生态资源保护和生态环境建设作为一项长期的,系统的工程来看待。基于以上研究,从各类土地提供的不同生态服务特点和区域实际,提出广州市生态服务价值可持续发展的土地利用结构调整基本方针和基本思想,以促进广州市土地利用系统维持可持续发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ecosystem service includes the necessary eco-products and ecological functions ensuring the life quality. The land is the carrier of variety of terrestrial ecosystems,doing research on ecosystem service changed under land use changes can be provide more useful information and choose proper policy of land use for the sustainable development of economic for policy makers; For mankind to promote regional eco-environmental protection and sustainable development of economic society have an important meaning.This paper based on the present changes of land use and the theoretical study of ecosystem services, linked to the actual situation of land use and economic develop during from 1999 to 2008 in Guangzhou, modified the parameter, and calculated the unit ecosystem service value of different types land as the index of ecosystem services value of Guangzhou. The functions of Guangzhou ecosystem under land use changes are evaluated spatially and temporally. We also analyzed by correlation and sensitivity to reveal the relationship between the changes of ecosystem services value and the social economic impact factors quantitatively. Basing the study, we advance the goal and measure of land use structure regulate for sustainable development of ecosystem.The main results are as follows:(1) From the index of different kinds of land, wetland is the highest, the next is agro-ecosystem; forest-ecosystem has the highest service value on water conservation and climate condition, but its total service value is lower than the others; The negative service value of residential and industrial mines land is -1936Yuan/hm2.(2) The total characteristics of land use system and its ecosystem service value are as follows: the changes in structure of land use lead the decline of ecosystem service value. Although the area of forest and wetland is increasing, it can not make up the decline of plantation, it also can not prevent the decline of total ecosystem service value consequently.(3)The spatial characteristics of land ecosystem service value are with the increasing of distance from central country, the service value also increasing. From the proportion of different ecosystem services, Haizhu region and Panyu region have high ratio on wetland; the district of Conghua, Huadu, Zengcheng and Baiyun have high ratio on forest. The ratio on plantation is lower in every region commonly.(4) From the relationship between ecosystem service value and the social economic development, the changes of ecosystem services value in Guangzhou province had an obvious negative correlation but lack sensitivity with the total population amount, GDP and the urbanization level, which meant that socio-economic development had weak influence on the environment in short time. According to the theory of environmental Kuznets curve, we conclude that with the economic society developed to a stage when GDP reached 910000 million and the total population reached 10705 thousand. The ecosystem service value have been located in a turning point, the value of ecosystem service have increasing. Therefore, we must put the work of ecological resource protection and ecological surroundings instruction as a long and systemic project.Basing these studies, from the characters of different land ecological services and actual situation in Guangzhou, the policy and thought for sustainable development of region ecosystem service value about land use structure are advanced.更多还原