【作者】 麻万诸；

【导师】 吕晓男；

【作者基本信息】 浙江农林大学 ， 土壤学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 为了更全面地了解近30年来浙江省全省耕地土壤养分现状和演变规律,本论文结合近年来开展的耕地地力调查,综合了83县（市、区）35571个样点的分析数据,对浙江省耕地土壤有机质、pH值、全氮、有效磷和有效钾的等养分指标进行了统计分析。结果表明:1)耕地土壤有机质平均含量(28.85 g·kg^-1)低于第二次土壤普查（二普）全省水稻土和潮土有机质的加权平均值(29.97 g·kg^-1)。土壤有机质的积累量基本上随土壤质地变重有增加的趋势,以水网平原和高丘区为最高,以滨海区为最低。土壤有机质的下降与扩种旱作、减少绿肥种植及有机肥施用量下降等有关。2)浙江省耕地土壤pH变异很大,在3.30至9.00之间,以酸性为主,与二普相比呈明显的酸化趋势:pH值在4.5-5.5之间的土壤比例明显地增加;除滨海平原土壤基本上以碱性为主外,其它土区的基本上以酸性为主,酸度以高丘区为最高,而水网平原区相对较低。土壤酸化与长期施用高量化肥、环境污染和水田改旱作等有关。3)与二普相比,浙江省耕地土壤全N和速效K平均含量略有下降,有效P平均含量明显增加;全N低于1 g·kg^-1、有效P低于10 mg·kg^-1和速效K低于80 mg·kg^-1的比例分别占13.90%、44.80%和48.17%;土壤全N、有效P和速效K存在较大的空间分异,变异程度为有效P（192%）>速效K（71%）>全N（39%）;土壤全N含量与土壤有机质积累呈显著的正相关,其中粘土>粘壤土>壤土>砂土,水网平原>河谷平原>高丘、低丘>滨海平原;土壤有效P含量随pH的下降而增加,砂土>壤土>粘壤土、粘土,高丘、滨海平原>河谷平原、低丘>水网平原;土壤速效K与土壤pH、质地和地貌类型存在一定的关系,随土壤pH值的下降而下降,粘土>粘壤土>壤土>砂土,滨海平原>水网平原>河谷平原>低丘>高丘。4)土壤全N、有效P和速效K等3种养分中存在1种以上养分偏低的样本占总样本的73.79%,土壤N、P、K等3种养分不平衡状况明显。5)基于以上问题,在耕地质量管理上,应重视用地与养地相结合、防止肥力衰退与土壤治理相结合,加强酸性土壤的改良与管理、耕地土壤有机质提升、配方肥料的施用和大棚连作障碍土壤的治理。更多还原

【Abstract】 To reveal the status and evolution of the cultivated soil in Zhejiang provience during the last 3 cecades, 35571 surface soil samples from 83 counties（cites and districts） are studied and the five nutrient index of soil OM（organic matter）, pH, TN（total nitrogen）, AP（available phosphorus） and AK（available potassium） are statistically analysed. The results show:1) The average content of soil OM of cultivated land (28.85 g·kg^-1) is lower than the weighted average of OM of paddy soils and Fluvo-aquic soils (29.97 g·kg^-1) of the Second National Soil Survey（SNSS）. There is a trend that the accumulation of soil organic increases basically as the soil texture becomes heavier with the hydrographic net plain and the high hill area most and the littoral area least. The decline in soil OM is related to the expansion of dry land cropping, the decrease of green manuring, the reduction in dose of organic fertilizer, and so on.2) The soil pH ranging from 3.30 to 9.00 of the cultivated land of Zhejiang Province, most of which is acidic. Compared with SNSS, the acidification of soil is quite obvious, which is manifested by the facts that the percentage of the soil with pH between 4.5 and 5.5 significantly increases and that except that the soil of the coastal plain is mainly alkali, most of the soil of other areas is acidic with that of high hill area strongest and that of hydrographic net plain relatively weaker. The soil acidification has something to do with the long-term application of high dose of fertilizer, environmental pollution, dry land cropping in the paddy field, and so on.3) The average soil total N and available K decreased, and the average soil available P increased, as compared with SNSS. The cultivated soil samples with low levels of soil total N (<1 g·kg^-1), available P (<10 mg·kg^-1) and K (<80 mg·kg^-1) accounted for 13.90%, 44.80% and 48.17% of total soil samples, respectively. The proportion of soil samples with deficiency of one of N, P, and K was as high as 73.79%. There were imbalances among soil N, P and K. Great variations in concentrations of soil total N, available P and K were found. The variation coefficients of soil total N, available P and K decreased in the order of available P （192%） > available K （71%） > total N （39%）. Soil total N was correlated positively with OM, and decreased in the order of clayey soil > clay-loamy soil > loamy soil >sandy soil, and in the order of hydrographic net plain > river plain > hilly area > coastal plain. Soil available P increased with decreasing pH, and decreased in the order of sandy soil > loamy soil > clay loamy soil, clayey soil, and in the order of high hilly area, coastal plain > river plain, low hilly area > hydrographic net plain. Soil available K was related to pH, texture, and geomorphic type, and decreased with decreasing pH. The available K decreased in the order of clayey soil > clay loamy soil > loamy soil > sandy soil, and in the order of coastal plain > hydrographic net plain > river plain > low hilly area > high hilly area.4) The rate of samples with one of the three nutrients, viz. TN, AP and AK, with low level is 73.79%, which illustrates the noticeable imbalance of soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.5) In order to solve above problems, more attention should be paid to the combination of land utilization and land maintenance and the integration of fertility decline prevention and soil treatment during the quality management of the cultivated land. Other measures include enhancing the improvement and management of the acid soil, introducing new approach to the soil OM promotion of the cultivated land, the application of formula fertilizer, the remediation of soil continuous cropping obstacles in greenhouse, and so on.更多还原