【作者】 赵建平；

【导师】 吴立潮；

【作者基本信息】 中南林业科技大学 ， 水土保持与荒漠化防治， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 油茶(Camellia Oleifera Abel),是我国南方特有的木本食用油料树种,茶油含油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸等不饱和脂肪酸含量高达90%,是高级食用油。加强油茶林养分管理,有助于促进油茶增产。本试验采用完全随机试验设计,共设计2种施肥方式(土壤赋存与叶面喷施),每种设计6个处理,即Ⅰ(CK0)、Ⅱ(CK1)、Ⅲ(CK2)、Ⅳ(J1Se1)、Ⅴ(J1Se2)、Ⅵ(J1Se3),三次重复。采用土壤赋存活性硒元复合肥的方法,从油茶成龄林土壤常量元素、中量元素、微量元素及污染元素含量等方面研究活性硒元复合肥对10年生油茶成龄林土壤理化性质方面的影响；应用土壤赋存结合叶面喷施的试验方法从油茶果实品质及产量等方面探讨活性硒元复合肥对10年生油茶成龄林油茶品质的影响。土壤赋存试验研究结果表明：活性硒元复合肥能显著提高油茶成龄林土壤常量元素含量,其中,以V处理对促进油茶成龄林土壤常量营养元素N、K的增长影响效果最好,Ⅳ处理次之；Ⅵ处理对油茶成龄林土壤营养元素P增长影响效果最好,V处理次之；综合分析得出处理V是促进油茶成龄林土壤常量元素增长的最佳施肥配比。活性硒元复合肥能显著提高油茶成龄林土壤中量营养元素含量,中量元素是植物生长所必须的营养元素。其中,以V处理对促进油茶成龄林土壤中量营养元素Ca、Mg的增长影响效果最佳,Ⅳ处理次之；Ⅳ处理是促进油茶成龄林土壤中量营养元素S增长效果最好的配比,V处理次之；综合分析得出处理V是促进油茶成龄林土壤中量营养元素增长的最佳施肥配比。微量元素在土壤中的含量较小,但是是植物生长不可缺少的营养元素。活性硒元复合肥能显著提高油茶成龄林土壤微量营养元素含量,其中,以Ⅳ处理促进油茶成龄林土壤微量营养元素Cu增长效果最佳,V处理次之；V处理对促进油茶成龄林土壤微量营养元素Zn、Mn、Se的增长影响效果最佳,处理Ⅵ对促进油茶成龄林土壤微量元素Fe效果最好,V处理次之；综合分析得出处理V是促进油茶成龄林土壤微量营养元素增长的最佳施肥配比。土壤中的污染元素在超过一定标准之后就会对土壤肥力造成污染,因此降低土壤中污染元素含量有助于提高土壤肥力。活性硒元复合肥能显著降低油茶成龄林土壤污染元素含量,经方差分析及多重比较得出V处理对油茶成龄林土壤污染元素Pb、As降解效果最佳；本次试验地中污染元素Cd含量较低,活性硒元复合肥对土壤污染元素Cd的降解作用有待进一步研究。V处理能明显降低土壤容重,提高土壤田间持水量。对油茶成龄林土壤常量元素、中量元素、微量元素及土壤污染元素的影响均达到显著性水平,综合评价得出V处理是改良油茶成龄林土壤理化性质的最佳施肥配比。引起土壤理化性质变化可能由于活性硒元复合肥促进了土壤中微生物活性,有待进一步研究证实。由田间施肥试验得出V处理是最佳施肥处理,这与施肥处理的设计初衷是一致的。同时可以得出如下两点推论：1)假设田间施肥试验得出的最佳施肥配比是Ⅳ处理,那么说明施肥配比设计的量过大,还应进一步调整施肥配比的水平。2)假设田间施肥试验得出的最佳施肥配比是Ⅵ处理,那么说明施肥配比设计的量过小,还应增加施肥配比的量。叶面喷施研究结果表明：由于各试验处理间的差异,所以各项测定指标及变化趋势都存在一定的差异,但总体上能反映出活硒硒元能提高油茶品质、产量的作用。叶面喷施磷酸硒钾复合肥能显著提高油茶果实果壳、果皮、果仁中硒的含量,以Ⅵ处理效果最佳；处理Ⅵ相对于处理前油茶产量增产34.03%,在6个处理中促进油茶增产效果最佳。由田间施肥试验得出Ⅵ处理是最佳施肥处理,这与施肥处理的设计初衷不太一致。可以得出如下推论：本试验得出的最佳施肥配比可能由于施肥配比设计的量过小,对油茶品质及产量的影响不够明显,还应增加施肥配比设计的量继续试验以得出最佳施肥配比。表明本试验最初设计的最佳施肥量可能过小,还应增加施肥量。更多还原

【Abstract】 Camellia Oleifera Abel is a unique woody oil tree species in Southern China. C.Oleifera which is senior oil contains oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid and other unsaturated fatty acid up to 90%.C.Oleifera Fertilizer research showed that strengthening the forest nutrient management help to promote C. Oleifera production. There were 2 fertilizing modes (foliage spraying and soil occurrence) and 6 treatments in the completely randomized experimental design. The experiment using soil occurrence active Selenium compound fertilizer method to research the effect of soil physical and chemical properties made by active Selenium compound fertilizer from the study of content of macroelements, secondary elements, microelements and pollution elements in plantation of 10 year old C. Oleifera. To study the effect of quality of 10 year old C. Oleifera made by active Selenium compound fertilizer from the fruit quality and yield of C. Oleifera with the soil occurrence and foliage spraying test method of application.The results of soil occurrence showed that active selenium can significantly improve the content of macroelements in soil of mature forest C. Oleifera. The treatment V largely promote the growth of N, K in soil of mature forest C. Oleifera, IV treatment was followed. Treatment VI largely promote the growth of P in soil, treatment V second. Through comprehensive analysis, treatmentⅤwas the best fertilizer ratio which largely promote the growth of macroelements in the soil.Active selenium can significantly increase the amount secondary elements content which were necessary nutrients for plant growth. The treatment V largely promote the growth of Ca, Mg in soil of mature forest C. Oleifera, treatmentⅣwas followed. Treatment VI largely promote the growth of S in soil, treatment V second. Through comprehensive analysis, treatmentⅤwas the best fertilizer ratio which largely promote the growth of secondary elements in the soil.The content of microelements was small in the soil, it is important for plant growth. Active selenium can significantly improve the content of microelements in soil of mature forest C. Oleifera. TheⅣtreatment largely promote the growth of Cu in soil of mature forest C. Oleifera, treatment V was followed. Treatment V largely promote the growth of Zn, Mn, Se in soil, treatment VI largely promote the growth of Fe in soil, treatment V was followed. Through comprehensive analysis, treatmentⅤwas the best fertilizer ratio which largely promote the growth of microelements in the soil.Pollution elements will cause pollution of soil fertility in the soil after more than a certain level, thus reducing the pollution element content in soil can helps improve soil fertility. Active Selenium compound fertilizer can significantly reduce pollution in soil of mature forest C. Oleifera. Through variance analysis and multiple comparison, obtain the treatment V largely reduce the pollution of pollution elements Pb, As in soil of mature forest C. Oleifera. The pollution elements in the experimental plots Cd content was lower, Active Selenium compound fertilizer degradated soil pollution Cd elements will be studied further.Treatment V can decrease soil bulk density, improve the soil field capacity. Treatment V have reached significant levels in treat macroelements, secondary elements, microelements and pollution elements in soil of mature forest C. Oleifera. Through comprehensive assessment, treatment V was the best fertilizer ratio to promote soil physical and chemical properties in soil of mature forest C. Oleifera. active Selenium promote bacteria physiology activity which cause the change of soil physical and chemical properties, which needs further investigation.The field fertilization experiment showed that treatmentⅤwas the best fertilizer treatment which accord with original design of fertilizer treatment. The 2 deduction from the experiment as follows:1) Suppose that treatment IVwas the best fertilizer ratio, which explain that design values of fertilizer ratio is too high and should adjust fertilizer ratio level.2) Suppose that treatment VIwas the best fertilizer ratio, which explain that design values of fertilizer ratio is too lower and should increase the amount of fertilizer ratio.The results of foliage spraying showed that:there are some differences between the treatments so the trend and measured indicators were different, selenium can improve tea quality and yield in general reflection. Foliage spraying selenium phosphate compound fertilizer can improve the C. Oleifera fruit husk, peel, nuts, selenium content. To the best effectⅥtreatments, the treatmentⅥC. Oleifera production compared to before treatment to increase 34.03%, was the best results in the 6 treatments yield promotion of C. Oleifera processing.The results of the field fertilization experiment showed that treatmentⅥwas the best fertilizer treatment disaccord with original design of fertilizer treatment. The deduction from the experiment as follows:the effect of quality and yield of C.Oleifera was unnoticeable, which may because design values of fertilizer ratio is too lower. The best fertilizer treatment should be obtained by increase the amount of design fertilizer ratio.更多还原