【作者】 何耿煌；

【导师】 徐雳；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨理工大学 ， 车辆工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 重型切削的特点是被加工件的尺寸和重量都很大(最大可达几百吨),因此重型切削加工用立式车床回转直径可达到10余米。与普通切削加工相比,重型切削具有装夹困难、切削深度大、切削速度低、进给速度慢等特点,因此重型切削的加工周期长、刀具的使用寿命短、换刀频率快。首先,本文介绍了大型加氢筒节毛坯粗加工过程出现的问题,阐述了研究重型车刀的意义,综述了国内外刀具的研究现状,并介绍了本文所做的主要工作。其次,本文对大型加氢筒节材料2.25C-1Mo-0.25V钢进行切削加工性研究。通过切削对比实验,将2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V钢分别与45钢、不锈钢1Cr18Ni9Ti在相同切削条件下就它们的切削力、切削温度和切屑折断难易程度等方面进行对比。根据实验结果,提出新型重型车刀的设计思路及遵循的原则。再次,对目前的刀具材料种类、性能进行介绍分析。通过刀具材料间的性能对比以及刀具材料与筒节材料在化学、物理和力学三方面的匹配性分析研究,优选出了适合新型重型车刀的基体材料。接着,在确定刀具基体材料的基础上,对重型车刀的结构参数进行计算、优化设计,其中包括:刀片尺寸、刀具切削刃形、刀具角度等。最终确定新型重型车刀的总体设计方案。最后,将新型重型车刀与工厂原用车刀就刀具切削性能、刀具寿命和破损程度等方面进行对比实验,验证设计的正确性与可行性,并总结出最佳切削参数。更多还原

【Abstract】 The characteristics of the heavy-duty cutting are that both the size and the weight of the parts are large (up to several hundred tons), as a result, the diameter of gyration of the large scale vertical lathe is about 10 meters. Compared with ordinary cutting, there are characteristics of difficult being clamped, big cutting depth, slow cutting speed and slow feed rate in the heavy cutting process. Therefore, the processing cycle of heavy cutting is long, tool life is short and the frequency of changing tool is fast.First, the problems appearing in heavy cutting process are introduced in the paper, and the significance of researching the heavy-duty turning tool is explained. And then the research status at home and abroad is summarized, and the main work of this article is also introduced.Second, the machinability of the material of the hydrogenated cylindrical shell which is 2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V steel is researched in this article. Through the comparing cutting experiment, the cutting force, cutting temperature and the difficult and easy level of the chips’being broken which are among 2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V steel, 45 steel and 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel under the same cutting conditions are compared. According to the results, both the design idea of the new-style turning tool and the principle should be followed are put forward.Third, both the type and the performance of tool materials are introduced and analyzed. By analyzing and researching their performance and the chemical compatibility, physics compatibility and mechanics compatibility between the tool materials and shell material, the matrix material of turning tool is optimized.Fourth, on the basis of determining the tool’s matrix material, the structural parameter of the heavy-duty turning tool was calculated and designed, and the tool size, shape of cutting edge and cutter angle and so on were included. Then whole design scheme of new-type heavy-duty turning tool was determined finally.Lastly, in order to verify the correctness and feasibility of the design, the cutting performance, tool life and the degree of damage of the new-type and original turning tools were compared in cutting experiment. And the optimal cutting parameters were summarized.更多还原