汉日单字同形动词对比研究及汉语教学对策

【作者】 森美希子；

【导师】 杨金华；

【作者基本信息】 上海外国语大学 ， 汉语国际教育， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 汉日同形词让日本人汉语学习者容易识别汉语词汇。但越是相近相似的事物越是难以区分,容易混淆。汉日同形词也让他们容易缺乏对汉日两种词义系统不对应性的认识。本文通过汉日单字同形动词词义的对比,分析汉日词义系统不对应性的特征;根据测试的结果,分析偏误表现,归纳偏误原因;在此基础上设计汉语词汇教学对策。通过词义分析和偏误分析总结出教学对策的策略是:一、在词汇解释时着重说明汉日同形词的主要异同点。二、将容易产生的偏误展示出来,以加深学生对汉日同形词的理解。本文用于分析的是:先从《汉语水平词汇与汉字等级大纲》的甲类1003词中选出183个单字动词,其次在2136个日本常用汉字(2010公布)的范围内找出与它相应的单字动词(带假名词尾),然后按照选词标准再筛选出的27个词。本文分析的汉日同形词大部分是多义词,其义项之间的关系很复杂。日本学生对汉语词的词义理解不够或没有汉语的语感时,容易套用日语的词汇来搭配词语。我们认为,汉日语中同形词的确会因母语类推而诱导日本学习者产生的偏误,并且这种偏误在较长的时间内使他们的学习停滞不前。但如果教师在教学中及时采用相应的教学对策,便能扭转这种不理想情况的发生,使“绊脚石”转化为“桥梁”。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chinese and Japanese homographs make it easy for the Japanese who learn Chinese to identify Chinese vocabulary. However, the more similar and close things look like, the harder to differentiate them and people are prone to get confused. These Japanese and Chinese homographs make them hard to realize that Japanese semantic system are Chinese semantic system are not corresponding with each other.In this article through the comparing of single word (single character) Chinese and Japanese homographs, we analyze the characteristics that Chinese semantic system is not in correspondence with Japanese semantic system; we study the appearances of the words and sum up the reasons which cause the deviation or distortion basing on the results of the testing. To get the right words for the analysis: We chose 183 Single character verbs from the 1003 Group A words from the book Words and Characters for Chinese Proficiency Level Outline first; Then we found the corresponding single character verbs (with astrakhan suffix) of them in the 2136 Japanese commonly used Chinese Characters ( Kanji) (Published in year 2010) and finally selected 27 words from them after the further filtering. Most of the Chinese and Japanese homographs analyzed in this article are polysemous word; the connections of its different meanings are truly complicated.Japanese student who doesn’t have the comprehensive understanding of the meanings of Chinese words or doesn’t have a very good sense of Chinese language might Collocate Japanese words mechanically with Chinese words; Indeed, Chinese and Japanese homographs do tend to lead to the understanding deviation from Japanese learners who infer the meaning of Chinese words basing on their native language and stop them from further progress with the learning of Chinese for quite a long period of time. However, if the teachers can timely adopt effective corresponding solutions, such unsatisfactory situations would be reversed, which can turn the obstacles to“bridge”for the learning of Chinese for the Japanese students.更多还原