【作者】 高志礼；

【导师】 马思群；

【作者基本信息】 大连交通大学 ， 车辆工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 铁路机车车辆虚拟样机系统是虚拟样机技术在铁路机车车辆设计与制造行业的具体应用,它是一个全面支持高速动车组、重载货车、提速机车三大新型产品开发与设计的集成仿真系统。论文指出虚拟样机最核心的技术是性能仿真(CAE)。围绕虚拟样机性能仿真管理与支撑技术,论文开展了一系列研究。本文基于Hypermesh/Optistruct软件以及Ansys软件,以铁路罐车车体为研究对象,建立了1/2车体的有限单元模型,计算了车体的强度、刚度和屈曲；以此为基础,以各部分板的厚度为设计变量,以强度和刚度为约束,以车体重量最小为目标,建立了车体的优化数学模型,用可行方向法实现了多工况强度和刚度约束下车体重量最小化设计研究。对优化后的车体焊缝疲劳寿命和车体结构线性稳定性进行了评估,焊缝疲劳寿命评估采用ASME-2007标准主S-N曲线法,基于对网格不敏感的等效结构应力法,稳定性主要考虑了压缩载荷作用下的结构线性屈曲稳定性,研究内容和得到的结论如下：1、建立铁路罐车车体几何及有限元模型,进行静强度计算并对结果进行分析；2、对铁路罐车车体进行结构线性稳定性分析和主要焊缝疲劳寿命预测,从而确定是否具有充分的优化设计空间；3、建立尺寸优化模型,并进行结构优化设计4、对结构优化设计后的铁路罐车车体进行结构线性稳定性校核,并根据结构稳定性计算情况对优化结果进行修正,使其满足静力及结构稳定性要求；5、校核修正后的铁路罐车车体的主要焊缝的疲劳寿命。本文基于Hypermesh/Optistruct软件对铁路罐车进行结构优化设计最终使车体减重13.83%,并满足了强度、刚度及结构线性稳定性和焊缝疲劳强度的要求,达到了轻量化的目标,为铁路罐车车体的轻量化设计提供一个新的方法,基于本文的研究可以对铁路罐车进行包括更多工况、尺寸、形状一体化的涉及以及多学科的优化设计,以提高铁路罐车的设计水平。更多还原

【Abstract】 Railway Vehicle Virtual Prototypingis VP technology’s specific application in the design and manufacture of railway vehicle, as well as a integrated simulation system comprehensively supporting the development and design of high speed DMUs, over loading wagons and high speed locomotives. In this paper the author indicates the core technique of VP is performance simulation (CAE). Concerning its simulation management and supporting technique, this discourse carries out a series of study.In this paper, the finite element model of Railway Tank body is created, and the strength and stiffness of Railway Tank body under the multi-load is computed basing on Hypermesh/Optistruct and ansys Software; the thicknesss of plates for Railway Tank body are taken as design variables, the strength and stiffness of Railway Tank body are used as restrictions, the Railway Tank body weight is taken as the objective for minimum, a optimization design model is formulated, the feasible direction method is used to optimized the design variables, then the optimization designs considering multi-load strength and stiffness restrictions are achieved for reducing the Railway Tank body weight and improving the stress distribution.After optimization, the weld fatigue life and buckling stability of Railway Tank body are evaluated. The weld fatigue life is evaluated using structural stress method which is based on the mesh-insensitive, the stability analysis mainly considered buckling stability under compression load. The main research contents and conclusion are follows:1. The geometric model and finite element model of Railway Tank body are established, the static strength and stiffness are calculated;2. In order to determine whether there is enough design space for optimization, the buckling stability of the Railway Tank body was analysed and the main weld fatigue life was forecasted for Railway Tank body;3. The size optimization model and topology optimization model are formulated, then size and topology optimization designs are carried out for reducing the Railway Tank body weight;4. The buckling stability of the optimized Railway Tank body are evaluated, the optimized results are corrected basing on stability conditions, then static strength,stiffness and buckling stability are all met;5. The main weld fatigue life of the corrected Railway Tank body according to the buckling stability are evaluated.In this paper, the structure optimization design of Railway Tank body has been completed successfully basing on Hypermesh/Optistruct software and a mass reduction of a 18.37% for Railway Tank body is achieved, at the same time, static strength and stiffness, buckling stability and weld fatigue strength meet the requirements, the lightweight of Railway Tank body is achieved and a new method for lightweight design of railway Tank body is brought forward. Basing on this study, the integrated size, topology and shape and the multi-disciplinary optimization design including more load can be carried out to improve the design level of railway Tank body.更多还原