【作者】 袁彬彬；

【导师】 刘力；

【作者基本信息】 北京化工大学 ， 材料科学与工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 氯磺化聚乙烯(CSM)主要是以聚乙烯为原料,经过氯化和氯磺化而制得的高饱和链结构的弹性体材料。它是一种具有高性能的特种橡胶,耐气候、耐老化、耐燃、耐化学介质以及机械性能和电绝缘性等性能优异,因而用途广泛。但是由于其是带有极性侧基的饱和橡胶,低温性能较差,而且永久变形大,动态性能不稳定等限制了应用,因此研究制备综合性能优异的CSM复合材料对拓展其应用领域是非常有意义的。本课题研究了CSM的增塑体系、阻燃体系、硫化体系、短纤维增强体系以及探索了稀土氧化物对CSM性能的影响,主要结果如下所述：(1)增塑剂TOTM相对于增塑剂DOP、TP-95和TP-90B最适合于CSM,既能降低胶料玻璃化温度和脆性温度来提高其低温使用性能,又不对力学性能产生大的影响,同时其不易挥发和迁移,复合材料的耐老化性能也得到了保障。TOTM用量增加,材料的低温性能越好,老化性能也有提高,不过对阻燃性能和力学性能稍有影响。(2)纳米Mg(OH)2可以作为阻燃剂,一方面对CSM胶料有抑烟阻燃的作用,另一方面作为纳米级的填料,由于纳米增强的作用,能够有效的提高CSM胶料的力学性能,具有双重的作用。如果要达到高阻燃性,纳米Mg(OH)2的填充量要达到100phr以上,胶料的断裂伸长率会下降、硬度会变很大,低温性能也会变差,因而我们利用了CSM基体中含有氯元素,向CSM中添加Sb203,起到协同阻燃的作用,大大的提高了阻燃性能,同时胶料其他性能基本不产生影响。因此纳米Mg(OH)2和Sb203并用能达到最佳的效果。(3)CSM的硫化体系很多,采用双2,5硫化体系和HVA-2硫化体系的胶料综合性能最好,其中前者的耐老化性好于后者,而后者的定伸模量要好于前者。采用150℃二段硫化后胶料的性能要比一段硫化的性能好,其中双2,5硫化体系最佳硫化温度为170℃而HVA-2硫化体系最佳硫化温度为160℃,并根据不同的配方也有最佳的硫化时间。(4)短纤维能够对CSM胶料进行补强,添加少量就有明显的效果,当短纤维为3份时,胶料的定伸模量就增加了100%-300%。不同的短纤维类型对硫化胶性能影响的程度不一样,芳纶纤维和尼龙纤维的增强效果要好于聚酯纤维和芳纶浆粕；对于耐热空气老化性能而言,聚酯纤维和尼龙66纤维较好,而芳纶纤维和芳纶浆粕稍差；尼龙66纤维对脆性温度的影响最小,其次是聚酯纤维,而芳纶纤维和芳纶浆粕影响较大；从整体上看,尼龙66的综合性能最好。(5)稀土氧化物对CSM硫化胶的性能也有一定的影响,能够稍微提高硫化胶的基本力学性能、热稳定性和耐热空气老化性,同时稀土还能够降低CSM的脆性温度。Gd203的效果要比Sm203好,随着Gd203用量的增加,力学性能、热稳定性能和耐热空气老化性能都有缓慢提高的趋势,而脆性温度明显降低。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM) is a high-saturated-chain elastomer material, which is obtained by chlorinated and chlorosulfonated from polyethylene. It is a high-performance special rubber widely used,which possess weather resistance, aging resistance, flame resistance, chemical reagent resistance, good mechanical properties and excellent electrical insulation performance. However, because CSM is a saturated rubber with polar side group, low temperature performance is poor. Moreover, Permanent deformation is large and dynamic performance is instability, which limite the applications of CSM. So it is meaningful that we research high integrated performance of CSM. The study discussed the plasticized system, the flame retardant system, curing system and the short fiber reinforced system of CSM, and the impacts of CSM by rare earth oxides were explored. The main results as follows:(1) Relative to the plasticizer DOP, TP-95 and TP-90B, plasticizer TOTM was best for CSM.It not only reduced the glass transition temperature and brittleness temperature to improve rubber’s low temperature performance, but also had a big impact on the mechanical properties. Meantime, TOTM was less volatile and migration, anti-aging properties of composite materials have also been protected. With TOTM increased, low temperature perform and anti-aging properties were better, but it had a little effect on the mechanical properties and flame-retardant.(2) Nano-Mg(OH)2 can be used as flame retardants, it has a dual role: on the one hand, nano-Mg(OH)2 can suppress smoke and stop flame; on the other hand, as nano-filler, it can effectively improve the mechanical performance of CSM rubber by nano-enhanced. If you want to achieve high flame resistance, nano-Mg(OH)2 will be filled in to reach 100phr or more. the compound will decrease the elongation at break and low temperature performance, increase the hardness. So we added Sb2O3 in the CSM, which has a synergistic flame retardant effect with chlorine in CSM matrix, greatly improving the flame retardancy, while other properties of rubber almost no impacted. Therefore, nano-Mg(OH)2 and Sb2O3 were used to achieve the best results.(3) There are many curing systems of CSM. With D2,5 and HVA-2 curing system, vulcanized rubbers had the best integrated performance.The former’s anti-aging was better than the latter, whereas the elongation modulus of the latter was better than the former. Relative to the first cure, the properties were better with post cure under 150℃. The best curing temperature of D2,5 was 170℃, and HVA-2 was 160℃. According to different formulas, there was also the best cure time. (4) CSM rubber can be reinforced by the short fibers, there were obvious effects of adding a small amount. when the short fibers were 3 phr, the rubber’s elongation modulus had increased by 100%-300%. There were different effects on vulcanizates with different short fibers, the reinforced effects of aramid fibers and nylon fibers were better than polyester fibers and aramid pulp; for the hot air aging properties, the polyester fibers and nylon fibers were better than aramid fibers and aramid pulp; nylon fiber gave a minimal impact on the brittle temperature, and polyester fibers, aramid fibers and aramid pulp and wrer following. In a word, nylon fiber brought the best properties of CSM.(5) Rare earth oxide has some influence on the performance of cured CSM. It increased the basic mechanical properties, thermal stability and anti-aging of cured rubber, whereas the brittleness temperature was reduced. The effect of Gd2O3 was better than Sm2O3, with the increase of the content Gd2O3, mechanical properties, thermal stability and anti-aging were slowly grown, while the brittle temperature decreased significantly.更多还原