【作者】 田勇燕；

【导师】 关庆伟； 秦飞；

【作者基本信息】 南京林业大学 ， 林学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 在全球变化与陆地生态系统的研究中，最基础和最受重视的是全球碳循环问题，即温室气体的“源（source）”和“汇（sink）”问题。有关森林碳平衡功能的研究表明，精确估算森林生态系统的碳汇能力，必须采用由下而上的方法，即通过了解每个不同的生态系统单元再到区域尺度，然后到国家或全球尺度。徐州位于我国最大的平原——黄海平原的南部，全市森林覆盖率28%，居江苏省第一位，主要由丘陵区山林和平原区农田防护林、速生丰产林、经济林、四旁树和城镇绿化等组成，森林资源特征在该区域具有一定的代表性。本文以徐州市的主要森林类型作为研究对象，采用文献资料收集与野外补充调查相结合的方法，系统收集国内外森林碳储量估算理论、技术与实际调查研究成果，通过对全市森林资源清查成果的系统分析和必要的补充调查，在森林类型划分的基础上，按森林类型进行森林资源生物量和碳储量的估算，得到以下结论：（1）总生物量和碳储量：徐州地区森林总生物是和碳储量分别为1383.13×10⁴t和629.599×10⁴t。其中，乔木林分别占92.08%、91.80%，灌木林分别占2.97%、3.19%，四旁树分别占4.95%、5.01%。（2）徐州市乔木林生物量为1273.67×10⁴t，碳储量为577.999×10⁴t。按优势树种分，杨树生物量为1163.04×10⁴t，碳储量为524.18×10⁴t；柏类生物量为52.18×10⁴t，碳储量为26.14×10⁴t；银杏生物量为31.87×10⁴t，碳储量为14.85×10⁴t。从生物量和碳密度指标看，也是杨树最高，分别为48.43t·hm^-2、21.83t·hm^-2，其次为柏类39.55t·hm^-2、19.82t·hm^-2，银杏为21.40t·hm^-2、9.97t·hm^-2，杂木最低，仅为16.91t·hm^-2、8.16t·hm^-2。（3）灌木林生物量和碳储量：徐州市灌木林生物量为41.01×10⁴t，碳储量为20.07×10⁴t。按优势树种分，苹果树生物量为23.21×10⁴t，碳储量为11.37×10⁴t；桃树生物量3.96×10⁴t，碳储量为1.92×10⁴t；其它灌木生物量13.84×10⁴t，碳储量为6.78×10⁴t。从生物量和碳密度指标看，苹果树分别为11.63t·hm^-2、5.7t·hm^-2，桃树分别为9.45t·hm^-2、4.58t·hm^-2，其它为13.14t·hm^-2、6.43t·hm^-2。（4）四旁树生物量和碳储量：徐州市四旁树生物量为68.45×10⁴t，碳储量为31.53×10⁴t。按优势树种分，杨树生物量为46.02×10⁴t，碳储量为20.74×10⁴t；柏类生物量为0.208×10⁴t，碳储量为0.10⁴×10⁴t；银杏生物量为2.174×10⁴t，碳储量为1.013×10⁴t。从单株生物量和碳密度指标分别为杨树79.5kg·株^-1、35.8kg·株^-1，柏类33kg·株^-1、16.5kg·株-1，银杏33.6kg·株^-1、15.6kg·株^-1。本研究结果表明，徐州地区目前各林种的生物量密度虽然高于苏南地区和苏中地区，但在苏北地区位居中较低水平，也低于全国平均水平。徐州地区新造林和幼龄林占很大的比重，生物量和碳汇增长潜力较大。按生态系统最优化原则，合理地调整林种和树种结构，科学地经营好各类森林，对于增强区域森林植被生态功能具有重要的作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 (1) The total biomass and carbon stocks of Xuzhou Forest were1383.13×10⁴t and629.599×10⁴t. In which, forest trees, respectively, accounted for92.08%,91.80%, shrubberyaccounted for2.97%,3.19%, trees all around, accounted for4.95%,5.01%respectively.（2） The tree forest biomass was1273.67×10⁴t, carbon stocks was577.999×10⁴t inXuzhou. According to the dominant tree species, the poplar biomass was1163.04×10⁴t,carbon reserved of524.18×10⁴t; The cypress biomass was52.18×10⁴t, carbon reserved of26.14×10⁴t; The ginkgo biomass was31.87×10⁴t, carbon reserved of14.85×10⁴t. According tobiomass and carbon density indicators, poplar was also the highest, which was48.43t·hm^-2and21.83t hm^-2respectively, followed poplar was cypress and ginkgo which was39.55t hm^-2,19.82t hm^-2, and21.40t hm^-2,9.97t hm^-2respectively, the minimum wasHardwood, it was only16.91t hm^-2,8.16t hm^-2respectively.（3） In Xuzhou City, Shrubery biomass was41.01×10⁴t, carbon stocks reserved of20.07×10⁴t. According to the dominant species, apple biomass was23.21×10⁴t and carbonstocks was11.37×10⁴t; peach biomass was3.96×10⁴t, carbon stocks reserved of1.92×10⁴t;other shrub biomass was13.84×10⁴t, carbon stocks reserved of6.78×10⁴t. According tobiomass and carbon intensity targets, apple’s biomass and carbon intensity was11.63t hm^-2,5.7t hm^-2respectively, peach was9.45t hm^-2,4.58t hm^-2, and the others were13.14t hm-2,6.43t hm-2.（4） The biomass and carbon stocks of the trees all around in Xuzhou was68.45×10⁴t and31.53×10⁴t respectively. According to the dominant tree species, poplar biomass was46.02×10⁴t, carbon stocks reserved of20.74×10⁴t; Cypress biomass was0.208×10⁴t, carbonstocks reserved of0.10⁴×10⁴t; Ginkgo biomass was2.174×10⁴t, carbon stocks reserved of1.013×10⁴t. According to plant biomass and carbon intensity, respectively of poplar was79.5kg per tree,35.8kg per tree, cypress was33kg per tree,16.5kg per tree, ginkgo was33.6kg per tree,15.6kg per tree.The results of this study showed that the biomass density of each tree species in Xuzhouarea is higher than the Southern and the middle region in the Jiangsu, but a lower level in thenorthern of Jiangsu region and also ranked lower than the national average. The forestreforestation and young forest accounted for a large proportion in Xuzhou forest. So therewould be a potential for biomass and carbon stocks growth. In the future, according to theecological system optimization principle of reasonable adjustment of forest types and speciesstructure, scientific management of all types of forests would play an important role toenhance the ecological functions of the forest vegetation.更多还原