【作者】 李凯；

【导师】 刘凤霞；

【作者基本信息】 暨南大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 人类话语中的回指是一种非常复杂的现象，近几十年也引起了语言学界广泛的关注，语言学者从句法、语义、语用和认知等不同角度来研究回指现象且在各自领域内取得了一定成果。但以往的回指研究大多是运用单维度和静态的视角，对自然话语中出现的各种复杂的回指现象以及回指的深层选择机制难以提供充分的、令人信服的解释。本研究以Verschueren提出的顺应论为理论基础，它是“从认知、社会和文化的角度对语言使用行为的综观”，语用综观视角下的顺应论为回指现象的研究提供了新思路。此研究以2010年英国大选的三场电视辩论为语料，以辩论当中出现的回指为探讨对象，运用顺应论分析各位首相候选人在自我陈述、回答问题及质问对手时言语中出现的回指，探讨辩论过程中回指选择和变换的深层运作机制。由于这是英国历史上的首次电视辩论大选关注度极高，各选手在面对英国观众的时候十分注意自己的言辞与表达。作为一种语言策略，回指被广泛地运用到他们的言语中，并为他们的目的与利益服务。通过研究发现，有诸多因素影响回指的选择，主体意识、语用和认知机制、动态语境及社会文化规约等因素相互协商，相互顺应，各选手随着动态的过程和信息的推进而不断做出回指选择。他们根据顺应原则动态地不断地选择合适贴切的回指形式，以此传达自己的政治意图与动机，说服广大的选民，以及巧妙地攻击对手，驳斥对手。而那些比较善于利用回指的选手，在一定程度上增加了获胜的可能性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Anaphora is an extremely complicated phenomenon in human’s speeches and it hasaroused great concern in the fields of linguistics. Scholars make researches about anaphorafrom various angles of syntax, semantics, pragmatics and cognition, and they also made someachievements in their own field. But most anaphora studies are confined to one-dimensional orstatic perspective, and hence few can provide sufficient and convincing explanation for avariety of intricate anaphora as well as deep mechanism of anaphora choice.This research is based on Verschueren’s Adaptation Theory. It offers comprehensiveoutlook to explore language use from cognitive, social and cultural respects, which offers abrand-new approach for studying anaphora. The research data is chosen from three-round TVdebate of2010Britain’s general election and the research centers on anaphora in the debate.According to Adaptation Theory, analyses are made to explore deep operation mechanism ofanaphora choices and anaphora transfer in the course of debate. Since it is the first TV electiondebate in Britain’s history, it draws attention of a considerable number of British people andeach candidate cares much about their words and expressions. As a linguistic device, anaphorais widely applied to the candidates’ utterance and serves as a channel to fulfill their purpose andinterests.The analyses indicate that there are a wide range of factors that can exert influence onanaphora choices. The factors such as subject consciousness, pragmatic and cognitivemechanism, dynamic context as well as social and cultural convention make mutual negotiationand adaptation altogether. The candidates make continual anaphora choices along with dynamicprocess and information progression. In accordance with adaptation principle they dynamicallyand continually choose appropriate and felicitous anaphora forms so as to convey their politicalintention and motivation, persuade the constituency and tactfully defeat opponents. As for thosewho are good at employing anaphora, they stand a high chance to become winner.更多还原