【作者】 程丽；

【导师】 于万里；

【作者基本信息】 燕山大学 ， 材料学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 针对目前软玉市场上关于产地问题的混乱，本文对新疆、青海、俄罗斯和韩国这四个常见产地的软玉进行了研究，分析出四种产地软玉的差异性，从而为鉴别出这四地软玉提供了一些参考和依据。本文通过常规宝石学鉴定仪器、光纤光谱仪、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪、红外光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜和偏光显微镜等实验仪器，对四地软玉的常规宝石学特征、紫外-近红外吸收光谱、化学成分、矿物成分及岩相结构进行了实验分析，总结出四种产地软玉的差异性。实验和分析结果表明，四种产地软玉的常规宝石学参数接近，紫外-近红外吸收光谱特征相似，化学成分和矿物成分基本相同，所以运用常规的研究方法无法区分这四种产地的软玉，而四种产地软玉的主要岩相结构却不同，则可由结构来区别这四种产地的软玉。其中，新疆软玉的主要结构是纤维交织变晶结构，具有该种结构的新疆软玉质量属于优级，该结构是新疆软玉中最常见到的结构。青海软玉的主要结构是弱定向-近平行纤维变晶结构，具该结构的软玉透明度普遍较高，油性不足而缺乏温润感，一般价值中等，为市场所售青海软玉的主体。俄罗斯软玉的主要结构是显微鳞片状变晶结构和中粗粒变斑晶细粒变晶结构，并且这种中粗粒变斑晶透闪石的存在大大影响了该地区软玉的质地。韩国软玉的主要结构是中粗粒粒状变晶结构，这种结构造成了韩国软玉特有的“米粥”结构。总体分析可知，新疆软玉的结构最致密细腻、成分最纯，所以新疆软玉质量最好，青海软玉次之，俄罗斯软玉次于新疆和青海软玉，但优于韩国软玉，韩国软玉则质量最差。更多还原

【Abstract】 The nephrites from Xinjiang, Qinghai, Russia and Korea were studied since theconfusion of the origin. The differences of the nephrites were analyzed and a criterionwas proposed forward to identify the nephrites from the four different areas. Thegeneral gemological characteristics, ultraviolet-near-infrared absorption spectrum,chemical composition, mineral composition and microstructure were tested with thehelp of the equipments such as conventional gemological identification apparatus,optical fiber spectrometer, EDS, X-ray diffractometer, infrared spectrometer, scanningelectron microscope and polarizing microscope, etc. The differences of the nephritesfrom the four areas were concluded.It was difficult to distinguish the origin of the nephrites through the routine testsince the general features of them were similar, for instance, gemological parameters,UV-IR absorption spectrum, chemical component, mineral constitute, and so on. Thefour kinds of nephrite can be distinguished from their structure as the main structure ofthem was different. The fiber intertexture crystalloblastic texture was the mainstructure of Xinjiang nephrite and the quality of the nephrite with this structure wasexcellent. A majority of the nephrites from Xinjiang comes with this kind of structure.The nearly parallel fiber crystalloblastic texture was the generally structure found inthe Qinghai nephrite. A great number of the nephrites from Qinghai bears with thestructure of this kinds and the transparency of that was generally high but lack ofmoist, so their quality was medium in general. The microscopic scaly blastic textureand coarse porphyroblast fine crystal structure were commonly found in the nephritesfrom Russia, and the quality of the nephrites was depressed a lot since the existence ofthe coarse porphyroblast tremolite. The main structure of the Korea nephrites wascoarse granular blastic structure, and this structure caused the unique "gruel" texture inthe Korea nephrites.The quality of the nephrites was a greatly influenced by the structure they bornand the component they buildup of. The quality of the nephrites from Xinjiang was the best by reason of the fact that the structure of them was the most delicate and theimpurity was least. The quality of the nephrites from Qinghai was fine although not sogood as that from Xinjiang. As for the nephrites from Russia, the quality was generallybelow that from Qinghai, and that from Korea was in the last.更多还原