【作者】 张晓伟；

【导师】 由世俊；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 热能工程， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 太阳能作为一种取之不尽、用之不竭的可再生能源,有着广泛的应用前景。太阳能集热器作为太阳能热利用系统的关键部件,其性能直接影响收集到的太阳能的质量。本文对目前的能源现状作了简要概括,并对集热器的发展趋势进行了分析,在此基础上提出了本文的研究课题,并在本课题组提出的蛇形复合抛物面(Serpentine Compound Parabolic Concentrator,简称SCPC)集热器的基础上,对其结构进行改进。蛇形复合抛物面集热器最大的特点是它是结合普通复合抛物面聚光(Compound Parabolic Concentrator,简称CPC)集热器和平板式集热器的优点设计而成。与CPC集热器相比,蛇形复合抛物面集热器的特别之处在于接收器按照蛇形布置,集热器组成模块式结构。本文首先分析了蛇形复合抛物面集热器的工作原理,给出了集热器的参数方程,对集热器的结构进行了设计。构建了集热器对太阳辐射的吸收模型以及传热模型,使用Matlab软件对模型进行求解,对其性能及传热规律进行了理论分析。其次,设计了蛇形复合抛物面集热器的实验样机,搭建了实验系统,依据国家有关集热器测试规范设计了实验内容,进行了实验测试,验证了数学模型的准确性与可靠性;实验结果表明蛇形复合抛物面集热器具有较高的集热效率。同时进行了瞬时效率实验,将实验数据用最小二乘法拟合得到瞬时效率的拟合曲线,得出该集热器的热损系数。在此基础上,本文对蛇形复合抛物面集热器进行了数值模拟计算,研究了接收器管长、管径、复合抛物槽开口宽度等参数对蛇形复合抛物面太阳能集热器集热性能的影响,为蛇形复合抛物面太阳能集热器的优化设计、参数匹配等方面提供技术储备和理论支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 Solar energy as an inexhaustible, incessant use and renewable energy will have a wide application prospect. Solar energy collectors are key parts in solar thermal utilization. The quality of collected solar energy is directly affected by the collector’s performance.The current situation of the energy is briefly introduced; the development of solar collector is analyzed, which is the basis of this study. Some improvements are made with the ideas by my team members and a new novel solar collector named Serpentine Compound Parabolic Concentrator (SCPC) solar collector is developed. It integrates the common CPC solar collector and flat-plate solar collector technologies, as an innovation. Compared with CPC solar collector, the SCPC solar collector’s receiver is set serpentine, constituting modular structure.This paper analyzes the working principle of collecting heat at the first. The parameters of equations are given. The structure of the collector is designed. The solar radiation absorption model and the heat transfer model of the SCPC solar collector are set up. They are solved by Matlab software. The heat exchange situation and performance for SCPC solar collector are studied.The experimental SCPC collector prototype and experimental system are built up. According to the relevant national standard, the collector experimental contents are decided. The experiment is investigated and the performance parameters of the collector are obtained. The accuracy and reliability of the mathematical model is verified. The results show that, SCPC solar collector has high thermal efficiency. Instantaneous efficiency experiment is also carried out. The test data are fitted to get the efficiency instantaneous curve with the least square method. The heat loss coefficient is obtained.On the basis, the numerical simulation on the SCPC solar collector is taken on. The tube length, pipe diameter and parabolic trough width parameters etc on the thermal performance of SCPC solar collector are discussed. Working on the analyzing results, the optimal design scheme is proposed, which is useful for the betterment design and the matching parameters.更多还原