【作者】 马尖奔；

【导师】 王省书；

【作者基本信息】 国防科学技术大学 ， 光学工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 速率偏频激光陀螺寻北仪可以快速提供高精度的方位基准,在军事和民用领域均有重要应用价值。论文从速率偏频激光陀螺的误差特性出发,理论研究了影响寻北仪寻北精度的各种因素,并基于实验室现有的速率偏频激光陀螺寻北仪样机,进行了工作参数优化、系统性能实验研究,为该寻北仪工程化研究奠定基础。论文的主要工作包括:1.理论分析了速率偏频激光陀螺(寻北仪核心器件)的误差特性。速率偏频激光陀螺的误差主要是角度随机游走误差、零偏不稳定性误差和量化误差。误差分析表明,通过增加速率偏频周期、加大速率偏频回转加速度,可有效减小陀螺随机游走、零偏不稳定的误差。2.研究了寻北仪系统的各种误差对寻北精度的影响。基于二位置寻北方案的寻北仪误差模型,理论分析了速率偏频激光陀螺误差、速率偏频参数、寻北仪机械误差、光学基准标定误差等对寻北精度的影响。结果表明,影响寻北仪短时寻北精度的误差主要有量化误差和角度随机游走误差,而寻北仪的机械误差在没有扰动下是固定误差。3.研究了提高寻北仪寻北精度的数据处理方法。通过比较普通平均法和滑动平均法分别处理寻北数据的结果,发现滑动平均法能抑制量化误差对短时寻北精度的影响,进而有效提高了寻北仪短时寻北精度。4.实验研究了寻北仪的工作参数和使用环境条件对寻北精度影响。并实测了寻北结果的重复性。利用寻北仪实验样机,对速率偏频周期、速率偏频回转加速度和单次寻北时间等等影响寻北精度的工作参数进行了优化研究。对寻北仪的性能进行了重复性实验,验研究结果表明,地理纬度28.2°处,静基座条件下,寻北仪200S的寻北精度优于16″,且寻北仪性能不受冷启动影响,重复性好。5.实验标定了该寻北仪实验样机,验证了寻北精度。利用经纬仪和寻北仪搭建了实验系统,标定了寻北仪的光学基准,并进行了与真北(北极星确定的方向)之间的对比实验,实验结果验证了寻北仪寻北精度。更多还原

【Abstract】 High precision azimuth can be provided rapidly by the north finder based on rate biased RLG, which plays an important role in military and civil applications. The Error characteristic of rate biased RLG, is theoretically studied, same to the factors which influence the precision of north finder. Experimental research is carried out to work parameters and functions of the north finer, which is an experimental machine. The data provided by experiments is used on the next step of engineering. Main researches are as the follows.1. The error characteristic of rate biased RLG(core parts of north finder), is theoretically studied .The primary errors of rate biased RLG are bias instability error, quantification error and angle random work error. The results show that quantification error and angle random work error can be reduced, when the turn round acceleration of the rate biased equipment and rate biased period are increased.2. The factors which influence the precision of north finder are analyzed. Based on the error models of two-position sampling scheme, the errors of rate biased RLG, the rate biased parameters, the mechanical error and the demarcated error of optical norm are analyzed theoretically. The results show that the north finding precision, in short turn north finding, is primary influenced by quantification error and angle random work error. The mechanical error of north finder is a fixed error when there is no perturbation.3. The data processing method to improve the north finding precision is studied. Compared with the normal average method, moving average method can weaken the effect of quantification error and improve the precision of north finder in short turn north finding.4. The parameters of the north finer and influence of environment condition on the precision are studied by experiments. The parameters include turn round acceleration of the rate biased equipment, rate biased period and single north finding time are studied and optimized by experiments. The results show that: at the geographic latitude of 28.2o, the precision of north finder on stationary base is better than 16" after 200S. The precision of north finder is not influenced by cool starting and the repeat precision is good.5. The north finder is demarcated and the precision is proved through experiments. A experiment system is built by a theodolite and the north finder to demarcate the optical norm and compare with the geographic north (directed by Polaris). The precision of the north finder is proved by the result.更多还原