【作者】 杜永佳；

【导师】 沈安文；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 控制工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 作为一种绿色环保的交通工具,电动自行车以其轻便灵活、价格适中的特点而得到人们的广泛使用,但当前的电动自行车普遍存在启动、加速性能差、启动电流大、电池寿命低和控制器容易损坏的缺点,当前这些缺点已经成为了电动自行车技术的瓶颈,严重影响了电动车产业的发展,本文在这一背景下,展开对电动自行车驱动技术的研究。本文分析了电动车行业的发展现状和遇到的瓶颈问题——动力性不足,效率低下,介绍了电动车的驱动方式,并对各种驱动方式的优缺点进行了深入分析,提出了同步换挡控制策略来提高整车的动力性和效率,并对该驱动方式下的效率进行了深入研究。为了实现同步换挡,本文对该系统的被控对象无刷直流电机及其数学模型进行了分析,给出了比较实用的抑制脉动转矩的方法,为实现换挡做好准备。然后,详细介绍了换挡电动车控制系统的机械结构,并结合电机的效率特性和换挡机械结构的减速增扭特性,以整车最大动力性和最高效率为目标,制定了换挡规律和换挡依据,然后结合本系统实际情况,确定了换挡参数的阈值。最后,本文以DSPIC33FJ32MC204为控制核心搭建了系统软硬件实验平台,实现了上述换挡过程。其硬件部分由电源电路、逆变电路、驱动电路以及信号采集电路组成;软件部分主要由初始化模块、开机自检模块、主驱动模块、保护模块和附加模块等构成。最后本文通过实际应用测试,修改了换挡阈值并实现了最优化控制。更多还原

【Abstract】 As an environmental protection vehicle, electric bicycle is widely used for its flexibility and moderate price. However, there always exist heavy starting current, poor accelerating ability, low battery life and controller damage in the electric bicycles. In order to resolve this problem, this article proposes the method of synchronous gear shifting to improve the vehicle’s performance aiming at improving dynamic property and efficiency of the vehicle.The article introduces the electric bicycle’s present development situation and bottleneck-dynamic shortage and power efficiency, then introduces the drive mode of the electric bicycle, and take deep analysis on the advantages and disadvantages of the drive modes, proposes the method of synchronous gear shifting to improve the vehicle’s dynamic property and efficiency, and lucubrate on the efficiency of the synchronous gear shifting. To realize the function of synchronous gear shifting, the article lucubrate construction and operation principle of the BLDC, analyze mathematical model, and seek out the most suitable way of inhibiting torque ripples ,getting ready for the high quality of shifting gears.Finally, the article builds the experiment platform and realizes the gear shifting actions with the DSPIC33JF32MC204.The hardware sections are comprised of power circuit, inverter circuit, drive circuit and detection circuit. The software sections are comprised of initialize module, self- detection module,main drive module, protection module and additional module. Then modifies the shifting parameters through the practical cycling test,and realize the optimum control.更多还原