【作者】 朱胜；

【导师】 肖波；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 环境工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 目前城市生活垃圾焚烧技术已经在我国开始大规模应用了,在该项技术应用中暴露出来许多问题,尤其是产生的焚烧气体中含有二恶因等有毒有害气体对人体健康构成危害。而城市生活垃圾热解技术则可以很好的解决焚烧技术所带来的问题,解决焚烧技术的瓶颈。在与城市生活垃圾热解技术有关的诸多因素中,垃圾粒径因素一直未得到系统研究,研究该因素对于城市生活垃圾热解的过程和效率的影响有重要意义。本文针对当前城市生活垃圾热解技术相关的影响因素,重点探讨垃圾粒径及与之相关的因素（温度和停留时间等）对城市生活垃圾热解的影响,并通过小试实验和模拟中试实验对以上几个因素进行研究,分析其对城市生活垃圾热解过程及其产物的影响。为了更好的研究垃圾粒径对热解的影响,实验室自制了小试实验装置,分析了不同粒径下混合垃圾和垃圾单一组分在不同条件下的热解效率以及产气率。从实验结果上来看,粒径越小垃圾热解程度越高,产气越多,残留焦炭和焦油就越少。温度越高热解程度越高,反应越完全,当温度升高到一定值时垃圾粒径对热解的影响就逐渐减弱。随着垃圾粒径的不断减小,主要可燃气体H₂和CO在生成气体中所占的比例逐渐增加。温度一定的情况下,垃圾粒径越小,固相停留时间对垃圾热解产气率的影响就越小,反之,则越大。粒径越小,反应越彻底,C和H元素转化成H₂与CO的比例越高,最终使得残留焦炭中的C、H元素比例的降低同时提高了产气中H₂和CO可二次利用的可燃气体的增加。为了模拟大规模采用热解方式处理垃圾的过程,实验室自制了中试实验装置来满足实验的需要。装置采用了外热式加温以及连续进料方式,提高了处理效率和处理效果。通过垃圾压缩实验和垃圾热解中试实验我们得出结论,粒径减小,压力增加的情况下,可以增加垃圾的压缩比,同时减少由垃圾颗粒间隙所带入的空气量,使热解反应在隔绝空气的环境下进行,提高产气质量和燃气热值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nowadays the method of incineration is in use for the treatment of Municipal solid waste (MSW) in a big scale. During using this method, some problems come out, especially the poisonous gases like dioxin-pollution etc. However, the pyrolysis can solve the problems which are brought by the incineration treatment of MSW. And there are many different relative aspects which can affect the progress of pyrolysis treatment of MSW, like the heat, hesitation time and so on, but the particle size is seldom mentioned or studied by people. Actually, the particle size may have a great affection on in the progress of pyrolysis treatment of MSW.This article is studying about the relative aspects of pyrolysis treatment of MSW, especially the particle size and relative items (temperature and hesitation time) by doing some experiments in a small-scale fixed bed reactor to analysis the affections to the progress and result of the pyrolysis treatment of MSW.In compare with the some different kinds of treatment of MSW(sanitary landfill, compost, incineration and pyrolysis ), we know that pyrolysis is a promising method to deal with the MSW problem in the future. We discuss about the reaction mechanism and the relative aspects and we keep eyes on the particle size, temperature and hesitation time which can affect on the progress of pyrolysis treatment of MSW.In order to study the impact of the particle size to the treatment of MSW, the experiments are operated in a small-scale fixed bed reactor. We analyze the effect and product under different situation of mixed-waste and single waste. From the results, we know that as the particle-size goes down, the product goes higher and the char and tar yield goes down. When the temperature reach to a certain value, the effect of the particle-size to the MSW become weaker.In order to be similar with the real production, we make the large-scale reactor to study the factors. We make use of the out-heat and continue-feeding to improve the effect and the results.更多还原