【作者】 唐锟；

【导师】 王双保；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 光学工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 随着工业化进程的不断深入,我国乃至全世界的环境问题都面临着严峻的挑战。淡水作为人类赖以生存的基础,也由于工业废水和生活污水的肆意排放而受到严重的污染。本论文从建设一套实用光学检测系统的角度出发,阐述了在系统建设的过程中遇到的各种问题,以及在系统搭建完成之后,通过检测已知浓度的溶液来验证系统运行的可靠性。本项目的实施过程中,通过透镜的仿真进行光路的设计和优化,选择氙灯作为光源。在完成信号接收与检测的过程中,通过AVR单片机建立了一套控制系统,其中设计的一些电路模块,同样能够用于其他应用场合。最后在自主搭建的这套系统上,运用纳氏试剂法的基本原理,进行不同浓度的氨氮溶液的测试,确保系统能够完成氨氮溶液的检测工作。这套光电检测系统不仅能够用于水质氨氮的浓度检测,而且通过一些光学元件的调整之后,在今后相关的科研工作中仍然具有一定的实用价值。通过本系统的设计以及化学的分析过程可以看出,纳氏试剂法是一套可操作性较强的氨氮浓度检测方法。通过测定浓度对吸光度的影响,验证了浓度越大,吸光度越强;通过测定时间对浓度的影响,发现溶液在放置20分钟之后吸光度基本稳定。最后绘制了氨氮测试的标准曲线,用于对未知浓度的溶液进行测量。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the deepening of the process of industrialization, the environmental problems are facing severe challenges. Fresh water is also polluted because of industrial wastewater and domestic sewage by the wanton pollution emissions. From the point of view to construct a practical optical detection system, the building process of the system and problems encountered was described. To verify the system’s reliability after it was complete, a solution of known concentration was tested.During the project, optical design and optimization was done through lens optimization. A xenon lamp was selected as light source based on the basic principles of spectrophotometry. A control system was established based on a set of AVR microcontroller to receive and test signal, some of the small circuit module can also be used for other applications. Finally, the self-built system was used to test the solutions of different concentrations of ammonia nitrogen based on Nessler basic principle to ensure the system can work well. This photoelectric detection system, can be used not only in water quality testing of the concentration of ammonia nitrogen, but also can be used in relevant research work in the future.Through the system design and analysis of chemical processes, Nessler reagent is a strong ammonia concentration testing methods, the Nessler reagent contains some toxic ingredients, experiments need to pay attention to anti-virus preparations. The design of the detection system need to consider how to better control the completion of the beam, the system noise need to be controlled as small as possible. while preparing Nessler’s reagent solution, strict control of reagent is needed to ensure the controllability of sample concentration and experimental result’s unity.更多还原