【作者】 蔡聪；

【导师】 徐琦；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 模式识别与智能系统， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 行走是一种常见的生物体的整体运动。运动分析是对生物体行走方式的一种检查方法,旨在通过运动学手段,揭示步态异常的环节和影响因素,从而指导康复评定和治疗,也有助于临床诊断和机制研究等。本论文以国家自然科学基金为背景,针对动物实验研制一套基于视频的低成本运动跟踪分析系统,包括硬件平台和软件设计两大部分,其中硬件平台由高速摄像机、千兆网采集卡和PC机组成;系统软件采用MATLAB编程,完成对视频中实验动物特定关节标识的自动跟踪及运动学参数计算等功能。本文首先介绍了当前国内外运动跟踪系统的分类,比较应用于运动跟踪的不同机动目标模型、预测算法和目标识别算法等,分析各自的优缺点,然后介绍运动跟踪系统的硬件组成和三维标识的制作过程,详细叙述了跟踪算法的实现。根据大鼠后肢运动强弱机动混合的特点,分别采用了多项式拟合和基于“当前”机动目标模型的改进卡尔曼滤波对运动目标进行位置预测,然后采用数据融合的方法得到最终的预测结果;根据标识大小、标识与背景对比强烈程度的不同,分别选取了峰值跟踪、基于灰度的模板匹配和基于颜色的模板匹配等目标识别方法,最后用误匹配检测判断所识别目标是否正确。此外,本文还对运动学参数和肌电信号参数进行同步后用于评价康复效果,并对脊髓损伤大鼠分别在有、无跑台训练的条件下对康复效果进行运动分析,比较其运动参数,结果表明跑台训练方法对大鼠行走能力的康复有促进作用,该方法可用于脊髓损伤大鼠后肢运动能力的恢复。更多还原

【Abstract】 Walking is a common movement of animals. Motion analysis is to check the gait pattern, where the kinematic analysis is used to reveal the abnormal gait and the influential factors. Therefore, motion analysis can be used for the evaluation of rehabilitation therapy, the clinical diagnosis and the mechanism research, etc.This thesis is in part supported by National Natural Science Foundation Project.A video-based motor tracking and analysis system for animal experiments is presented, which includes hardware system and software design.The hardware system consists of a high-speed video camera, a gigabit Ethernet data acquisition card and a personal computer; In the software programming,MATLAB provides the interface to achieve the automatic tracking of specific markers in the video and compute the kinematic parameters.Firstly, this thesis introduces the classification of motion tracking systems and describes the advantages and disadvantages of some maneuvering target models, motion prediction and target recognition algorithms. Then the hardware configuration of the motion analysis system and the fabrication of three-dimension markers are introduced. After that, this thesis describes the motion tracking algorithms in detail. Considering the coexistance of high and weak maneuverabilityof the limb motion of adult rats, the polynomial fitting and improved Kalman filtering algorithms based on the current model are separately used to predict the preliminary positions of moving targets. Then the resulting predictions are obtained by the data fusion on the preliminary positions. For the markers with different size and different contrast to the background, hot-spot matching, intensity-based and color-based algorithms are used to find the positions of tracked markers; The mismatch detection is applied to enable a motion tracking with reliability. Besides, this thesis describes a method for synchronizing the kinematic data and the electromyography signal. At the end of this thesis, the motion analysis is performed on the normal and incomplete spinal cord injury rats with and without the treadmilltraining . The results show that the treadmill training can improve the weight bearing of the hindlimb of rats with incomplete spinal cord injury.更多还原