【作者】 贾洁静；

【导师】 郝秋艳；

【作者基本信息】 河北工业大学 ， 材料物理与化学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 提高太阳电池的光电转化效率是光伏研究中最重要的问题，然而，有10%以上的光能在太阳能电池的封装玻璃表面由于反射而损失掉。在玻璃表面制备减反射膜可以起到增透作用，针对不同种类太阳电池的不同响应波段制备减反射膜可以使电池的转换效率得到有效的提高。本文探索性地采用成本低、设备简单、生产周期短的超声喷雾热解法和优化的超声雾化模式制备出适用于不同太阳电池的SiO₂/TiO₂减反射薄膜。研究了喷射距离、载气流量、前驱液的选择和流量、衬底温度、热处理时间等工艺条件对薄膜结构和光学性能的影响，找到最优化的工艺条件并确定薄膜材料的光学参数。发现500℃时制备出的TiO₂薄膜呈锐钛矿，SiO₂薄膜呈非晶结构，保温热处理10min后的折射率分别为2.23和1.42。根据所得单层薄膜的光学参数结果，结合光学薄膜理论，利用软件优化设计出适用于非晶硅太阳电池的双层减反射膜系和适用于微晶、非/微叠层及晶硅太阳电池的六层减反射膜系，理论平均剩余反射率为1.193%和0.879%。根据膜系的优化结果，采用载玻片为衬底，制备出两种应用于太阳能电池的减反射膜，使玻璃的透过率分别提高了10.8%和10.4%。通过附着性测试和机械性能测试表明减反射膜具有较强的物理性能。更多还原

【Abstract】 The most important issue of photovoltaic research is to improve the photoelectricconversion efficiency of solar cells. However, more than 10% of solar energy in the glasspackage is lost due to reflection. Preparation of anti-reflective film on the glass surface canplay an antireflective role. For the different responses band of different types of solar cells,preparation of the antireflection film can increase the conversion efficiency effectively.In this thesis, the SiO₂/TiO₂ antireflection films for different kinds of solar cells wereprepared by the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis, which has low cost, simple equipment, shortproduction cycle, and the ultrasonic spray model optimized in the practice.In the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis, many process conditions have an influence on thefilms’structure and optical properties, such as the spray distance, the flow rate of carriergas, the choice and flow rate of precursor solution, the temperature of substrate and theheat treatment time, which were studied in this thesis. The most optimal conditions arefound and the optical parameters of thin film materials are determined. We found that thecrystalline nature of the TiO₂ film was anatase, the SiO₂ film was amorphous prepared at500℃, and the corresponding refractive indexs were 2.23 and 1.42 after 10min heattreatment.On the basis of the results of single-layer thin film optical parameters, and through thecombination of the theory of optical thin films and software, double layers anti-reflectivecoating applied for amorphous silicon solar cells and six layers anti-reflective coatingapplied forμc-Si solar cell, a-Si/μc-Si tandem solar cell and crystalline silicon solar cellwere designed and optimized. The average residual reflectance theoretical rates were1.193% and 0.879%.According to the optimization results of the coating, using glass slides as substrates,we prepared two kinds of antireflection films for solar cells, the transmittance of the glassincreased by 10.8% and 10.4%. Through the adhesion test and mechanical test, we foundthat the antireflection films have strong physical properties.更多还原