【作者】 周静；

【导师】 徐李洁；

【作者基本信息】 湖南科技大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 因果关系是自然界中和人类社会里存在着的一种普遍关系。英语中表达因果关系的手段很多,其中because-因果复句是表达因果关系的最基本、最重要的形式之一。长期以来,语言学家们主要是从传统语法视角、功能语用视角和对比分析视角探讨这个问题,但对because-因果复句的主观认知动机的考察较少。主观性是指说话者在说出一段话语时会有意或无意的表明自己对这段话语的态度,从而在话语中留下自我的印记。主观化是语言为体现这种主观性而形成相应的结构机制或经历相应的演变过程。因果复句的运用承载着使用者的主观性认识。本文试图运用主观性和主观化理论对because-因果复句语义拓展的主观动机进行认知分析。本研究首先根据言语场景介入程度的高低,将because-因果复句分为逻辑因果复句、推理因果复句和言语行为因果复句三类,然后从共时角度探讨这三类because-因果复句因主观性的渗入而引起的语义多样性的形成过程,最后分析三种because-因果复句体现的语义、句法和语用特征.通过对语言现象的分析,我们得出的结论主要有以下三点:(1)Because-因果复句的语义多样性是有其认知基础的,即概念化过程中识解方式的差异导致because-因果复句的多义性,而识解的差异又来源于言语场景在识解关系中的介入程度。(2)Because-因果复句的语义拓展的动因在于主观性。Because-因果复句识解过程中言语场景的介入程度亦能映照不同类型because-因果复句的主观性等级。各种because-因果复句的主观性构成一个连续统,主观性强弱的顺序可体现为:逻辑因果复句主观性<推理性因果复句主观性<言语行为因果复句主观性。(3)三种because-因果复句中体现的句法、语义和语用特征各有特点。更多还原

【Abstract】 The relationship of cause and effect is prevailing in the natural world and human society. There are many ways to express cause-effect relationship, among which because-causal complex sentence (hereafter called because-CCS) is one of the most basic and important forms. So far, linguists have explored this issue from the perspective of traditional grammar, functional-pragmatic and contrastive analysis. However, the studies on subjective motivation of because-CCS are insufficient.Subjectivity refers to the expression of self and the representation of a speaker’s perspective or point of view in discourse– what has been called a speaker’s imprint. Subjectificaiton refers to the structures and strategies that languages evolve in the linguistic realization of subjectivity or to the relevant processes of linguistic evolution themselves. The use of because-CCS carries the subjective construal of the users. The present study aims to explore the cognitive motivation of the semantic extensions of because-CCS with the theory of subjectivity and subjectification. The study will first classify because-CCS into three types: logical because-CCS, inferential because-CCS and speech act because-CCS according to the degree of ground involvement, and then it will investigate the process of the diversification of because-CCS due to the involvement of the subjectivity from the synchronic approach. At last, the study will analyze the semantic, syntactic and pragmatic features in the three types of because-CCS.After a careful investigation, we come to the following conclusions: 1) the diversification of because-CCS is cognitively motivated, which means that the diversification is motivated by the construal difference in its conceptualization which results from the degree of the ground involvement in the construal relation; 2) the underlying force for the diversification of because-CCS is deeply rooted in subjectivity. The degree of the ground involvement in the construal of because-CCS suggests the degree of subjectivity in the three types of because-CCS which forms a continuum in the order of less subjective to more subjective: logical because-CCS < inferential because-CCS < speech act because-CCS; 3) the three types of because-CCS have specific linguistic features in terms of semantic, syntactic and pragmatic aspects.更多还原