【作者】 陈晓龙；

【导师】 周玉祥；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 化学工程与技术， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 磷酸铝胶粘剂因具有固化温度低、介电性能优异、无毒、粘结强度高、高温结构稳定等优点,在建筑和航天领域有着广泛的应用。本文通过粘度、TG-DTA、FT-IR、XRD、SEM和弯曲强度的分析测试,研究了磷酸铝基体的自身固化反应、胶粘剂的固化反应、不同固化剂与磷酸铝基体的质量比对力学强度和固化温度的影响。不同磷与铝的摩尔比具有不同的力学性能,粘度和弯曲强度测试表明,磷酸二氢铝基体的力学性能最好。磷酸二氢铝基体在初步固化温度下发生缩合反应,生成三聚磷酸铝及多水合三聚磷酸铝,P-O-H与P-O-H脱去一分子H2O,变成线性P-O-P键。在完全固化温度下,反应生成六方晶系的偏磷酸铝,线性的P-O-P变为环状结构的P-O-P,此结构提供粘结力。在550℃左右,六方晶系的偏磷酸铝转变成立方晶系的偏磷酸铝。基体与固化剂的质量比为5:1的Al（H₂PO₄）₃-烧结Al（OH）₃胶粘剂在初步固化温度下固化反应生成Al（HP₂O₇）·2.5H₂O,在完全固化温度下,生成三方晶系的正磷酸铝,在一定温度下,三方晶系的正磷酸铝转变为三斜晶系的正磷酸铝,粘结力由固化反应后形成的以Al-O-P-O-Al为链接的无机大分子结构提供。基体与固化剂的质量比分别为6:1的Al（H₂PO₄）₃-Al（OH）₃胶粘剂、7:1的Al（H₂PO₄）₃-烧结Al（OH）₃胶粘剂和5:1的Al（H₂PO₄）₃-Al2O3胶粘剂固化反应后生成AlPO₄和Al（PO₃）₃,7:1的Al（H₂PO₄）₃-Fe₂O₃胶粘剂固化反应后生成Fe（PO₃）₃、AlPO₄和Al（PO₃）₃,6:1的Al（H₂PO₄）₃-CuO胶粘剂固化反应后生成Cu₂P₂O₇、AlPO₄和Al（PO₃）₃。固化剂Al2O3、烧结Al（OH）₃、Fe₂O₃、CuO都能降低胶粘剂的初步固化温度和完全固化温度,随固化剂的增多,初步固化温度和完全固化温度都降低,能作为降低胶粘剂固化温度的固化剂使用。其中以固化剂Fe₂O₃的降温最显著,能将低100℃左右。固化剂Al（OH）₃虽然能降低初步固化温度,但是完全固化温度升高较大,因而不能作为降低胶粘剂固化温度的固化剂使用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Aluminum phosphate adhesive has the advantages of low curing temperature, excellent dielectric properties, non-toxicity, high binding strength and high temperature structural stability, and it has broad application in architecture and aerospace. In this article, analysis of viscosity, TG-DTA, FT-IR, XRD, SEM and bending strength were done, self-curing reaction of the aluminum phosphate matrix, curing reaction of the adhesive. Impacts on mechanical properties and curing temperature of different mass ratio of aluminum phosphate matrix and different curing agents were studied.Tests of bending strength and viscosity and mechanical properties revealed the best performance of strength properties of Al（H₂PO₄）₃ matrix with different molar ratios of P and Al. Al（H₂PO₄）₃ matrix reacted with itself at the temperature of initial curing temperature, which resulted in AlH2P3O10 and its form containing crystalized water. A molecular of H2O was abstracted between every two moleculars of P-O-H, in which a bond of P-O-P was formed in the shape of line. A hexagonal structure of Al（PO₃）₃ with P-O-P bond in its circle shape formed under complete curing temperature, which provides adhension. Hexagonal structure of Al（PO₃）₃ transformed into its cubic state at about 550℃.Al（H₂PO₄）₃-Sintering Al（OH）₃ adhesive with the aluminum phosphate matrix and curing agent mass ratio of 5:1 transformed into Al（HP₂O₇）·2.5H₂O, under the complete curing temperature. Trigonal AlPO₄ transformed into the rhombic system at a certain temperature. Adhension was provided by inorganic macromolecular linked by Al-O-P-O-Al.Al（H₂PO₄）₃-Al（OH）₃, Al（H₂PO₄）₃-sintering Al（OH）₃ and Al（H₂PO₄）₃-Al2O3 adhesives with the matrix and curing agent mass ratios of 6:1, 7:1, 5:1 respectively transformed into AlPO₄ and Al（PO₃）₃. Al（H₂PO₄）₃-Fe₂O₃ adhesive with the matrix and curing agent mass ratios of 7:1 transformed into Fe（PO₃）₃, AlPO₄ and Al（PO₃）₃. Al（H₂PO₄）₃-CuO adhesive with the matrix and curing agent mass ratios of 6:1 transformed into Cu₂P₂O₇, AlPO₄ and Al（PO₃）₃.Al2O3, Al（OH）₃, Fe₂O₃ and CuO can all reduce the initial curing and complete curing temperature of adhesives, and they can all be used for adhesives to reduce the initial curing and complete curing temperature with the increase of the amount of curing agent. Fe₂O₃, as the curing agent, has the outstanding performance, which can reduce the curing temperature to 100℃. Although Al（OH）₃ can reduce the initial curing temperature, it can not be used as the curing agent for the reason that the complete curing temperature increases.更多还原