【作者】 董帅；

【导师】 崔淑梅； 张千帆；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 电气工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 电梯在发电过程中会产生大量的能量,传统的制动能耗和逆变方案具有能源浪费和谐波污染的问题,回馈能量得不到合理利用。本文研究一种基于超级电容的电梯节能系统:该系统将超级电容组通过双向DC/DC并联在直流母线,通过合理的匹配方案和控制策略来满足电梯功率需求,达到节能目的;制动单元和制动电阻用以在超级电容充满电时消耗过剩能量。为分析基于超级电容储能的电梯节能系统各部分特性,建立了包含超级电容、双向DC-DC、变频器、曳引电机、电梯负载在内的Matlab/Simulink电梯节能仿真模型。仿真模型更加直观的反映了超级电容充放电电流、端电压和功率,为后续参数匹配和控制策略研究奠定了基础。在分析电梯运行特性的基础上,针对整个节能系统提出了超级电容、双向DC/DC、制动电阻的匹配方案,使得匹配参数既能满足电梯曳引机的功率、能量需求又节约了系统成本。制定了系统的控制策略,它根据直流母线和超级电容电压判断曳引机的工作状态,决定超级电容的充放电动作,并且从DC/DC效率、系统成本、电网冲击角度提出了超级电容充放电电流控制策略。双向DC/DC是节能电梯系统实现节能控制的核心,其拓扑采用了Buck/boost结构,具有结构简单、方便应用谐振技术、适合大功率场合应用的特点,实现了能量的双向流动。本文针对节能电梯用Buck/boost型双向DC/DC进行了硬软件设计。为了对超级电容的充放电进行控制,本文对系统中能量管理单元进行了硬/软件设计。能量管理单元以ARM处理器LPC2119作为控制核心芯片,通过485通信采集变频器的功率信号,利用CAN通信实现对DC/DC的控制,实现了能量的双向流动。为构建超级电容储能电梯节能系统平台,采用了两电机对拖的方式模拟电梯工况,在研制的系统平台上进行了实验研究。选用ARM LPC2119为控制电路核心芯片实现了电梯工况的给定,利用能量管理单元在实验平台上运行制定的控制策略,实验结果表明了参数匹配和控制策略的可行性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The elevator will produce large amounts of energy in generating process, but the traditional schemes, such as energy-consumption and energy-inverter, have energy wasting and harmonic pollution problems, so feedback energy can not be used reasonably. This paper proposes a method based on supercapacitor elevator energy-saving system.In this system, supercapacitor was parallelled in DC bus through bidirectional DC/DC so it costs fewer number of supercapacitors, needing lower cost, which can also supply peak power that generated in starting and braking period.Braking unit and resistance parallelled in DC bus are used to consume excess energy when supercapacitor is charged fully.In order to analyze every part of the energy-saving system ,we have established a simulation model by Matlab/Simulink, containing supercapacitor , bidirectional DC-DC, frequency converters ,traction motor and elevator load.The simulation model intuitively reflects charge and discharge current ,terminal voltage, power and so on ,which lays a foundation for the subsequent parameters matching and control strategy researching.On the base of having analyzing the operation performance of elevator, we proposes a matching scheme including supercapacitor , bidirectional DC/DC, braking resistor,which can meet power energy demanding and save the cost. The control strategy of established system has able to judge the traction machine’s working condition according to DC bus and supercapacitor voltage, and for the need of controling supercapacitor to charge/discharge action, we also put forward an supercapacitor current control strategy considering DC/DC efficiency ,power system cost and grid impact.Bidirectional DC-DC is the core of energy-saving elevator system, and its topology is Buck/boost structure,which is simple and convenient to apply resonance technology and is suitable for high-power situation , it can easily realize the two-way flowing of energy. On this paper we have hard/software designed for bidirectional DC/DC.In order to control the charging and discharging state of supercapacitors, this paper designs the hard/software of energy management unit. ARM LPC2119 acts as a control core chip of energy management unit .Signal power of frequency converter is collected through the 485 communication, and by using of CAN, system realizes the DC/DC communication control and the two-way flowing of energy .In order to construct the platform of the supercapacitor energy-storage elevator energy-saving system, we use two motors to drag each other for simulating elevator conditions .Finally, we take experiments in the system platform. It realizes that conditions of elevator by using of ARM LPC2119 and runs the control strategy of the experiment through elevator energy management unit in experimental platform. The experimental results show that the correctness of parameters matching and the control strategy.更多还原