【作者】 李慧；

【导师】 花保祯；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 生物信息学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 果蝇是一种常见的模式生物,为研究基因及生物的进化积累了丰富的研究材料,对于多种生物学研究起到了启迪和先导作用,在生物学研究中有重要地位。Hox基因是一类广泛存在于动物基因组中的调控基因,在染色体上成簇存在,编码重要的转录因子,对个体的发育有必不可少的作用。Hox基因最先在果蝇的研究中发现,分为两个基因簇ANT-C和BX-C,共8个基因。Hox基因在果蝇3号染色体的右臂上连锁排列,其基因编码的转录因子沿着果蝇体轴从前到后调控体节的发育和分化。8类Hox基因结构中都存在一段约180 bp高度保守的核苷酸片段,在不同物种中表现出高度保守性。本文对果蝇Hox基因系统进化关系的研究对于探索基因的进化有重要意义,对其他物种中Hox基因的进化关系的研究也有参考价值。本文通过BioEdit 7.0、DNAMAN 6.0以及MEGA 5.0等软件分析Hox全基因、核苷酸以及蛋白质序列,构建了果蝇8类Hox基因的系统发育树,并结合前人对果蝇Hox基因结构和功能方面的研究,探讨了Hox这类保守基因在果蝇进化过程中的起源及进化等问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a commonly-used laboratory model organism, Drosophila provides a great mount of valuable materials to study the evolutionary relationship of genes and species, playing a revealing and leading role in biological research. Hox genes are typically found together in a single complex on animal chromosomes, which code an important kind of transcription factor and are critical for ontogenetic development. The Hox genes were found in Drosophila firstly, which are divided into two gene clusters (ANT-C and BX-C) on the Drosophila chromosome and include 8 traditional genes. The Hox genes are arranged on 3R of Drosophila chromosome, which regulate the development and differentiation of the segments along the anterior-posterior body axis.Eight Hox genes all contain a conserved nucleotides segment of 180 bp (homeobox), which exists in almost all animals genomes. In this thesis, the research on phylogenetic relationships of Drosophila Hox genes is important for exploring the evolution of genes, and also plays a significant role to the study of Hox genes evolution in the other species.The phylogenitic tree based on DNA and protein sequences of eight Drosophila Hox genes was constructed through BioEdit 7.0, DNAMAN 6.0 and MEGA 5.0 biological analysis software in this thesis. And the origin and evolution of Hox genes during the evolution of Drosophila were also discussed, combining with the structure and function researches of eight Drosophila Hox genes.更多还原