【作者】 冯文韬；

【导师】 贺立源；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 资源环境信息工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 土地是人类赖以生存的物质基础,是国民经济和社会发展的宝贵资源和重要生产要素,土地资源属于典型的多功能性自然资源,随着人口的增长和社会经济的发展,受到来自各方面需求的压力不断增大。在经济高速增长的中国,土地资源,尤其是耕地资源,在这种需求的压力下经历着前所未有的利用方式和质量的变化。因此,耕地资源是我国国民经济基础的基础,保证耕地资源安全是实现我国国民经济健康发展的前提和保障。2002年农业部启动“耕地地力调查和质量评价”项目试点以来,经过几年的研究探索和实践,逐步形成了耕地地力评价技术体系。2005年国家启动全国性的县域测土配方施肥行动以后,农业部农技中心在此基础上又制定了《测土配方施肥技术规范》。至今,我国耕地评价研究在理论、方法和应用的广度和深度上都取得了前所未有的发展。然而,随着项目县市陆续完成各自的县域耕地地力评价,采用什么技术方法汇总县市域耕地地力评价成果,为更高层次的耕地质量管理与农业发展决策提供服务,已经成为目前耕地地力评价工作面临的问题。由于更高级别管理层,如地级市或省级或国家政府部门所辖地域的社会经济、农业生产、耕地立地环境的复杂性,汇总仍然存在诸多亟待解决的难题,其中耕地地力评价指标体系的建立及其科学性仍然是汇总工作的关键。以往耕地地力评价工作,全国都是以县级的县市区为基本单位,每一个县市区在评价过程中都要制定适合自己的评价指标体系,以便为当地的耕地管理与测土配方施肥服务。由于各地评价指标体系立足于当地耕地资源的特色并服务于本地农业生产,因此指标体系中对于影响耕地地力的相同指标具有不同的看法和侧重点,必然会出现同一地形、气候区域的两个县市出现不同的指标选项,或相同的指标选项权重不同,甚至完全相同。本研究室上一届硕士研究生高英曾对湖北省区域耕地地力评价指标进行过初步归纳。根据地形特征,初步把湖北省划分为江汉平原、鄂东沿江平原、鄂西北山地、鄂西南山地、鄂北岗地、鄂中丘陵岗地6个类型区。综合运用各县市实际应用的指标系统和土壤学理论。在分析指标体系结构和影响因素的原因基础上,尝试建立了不同地形区(平原湖区、山地区、岗地丘陵区)三类耕地地力评价指标体系,但是没有针对具体类型区进行评价。本文在此基础上,运用地处江汉平原的荆州市为例,利用荆州市下属8个县市区的耕地评价研究数据,根据耕地地力评价基本原理,运用模糊数学、层次分析法、特尔菲法和系统聚类法等数学方法和模型,结合地理信息系统技术、土壤学知识尝试建立适合江汉平原地区的评价指标体系,探索湖北省江汉平原区域统一的评价指标。利用传统经验,综合荆州市全区地貌、母质、气候和土地养分等多项指标,同时结合数学分析,初步建立一套确定区域耕地评价指标的方法。研究建立了荆州市耕地地力评价指标体系,选取了有机质、有效磷、速效钾、有效锌、质地、pH、剖面构型、地貌类型、成土母质、灌溉保证率和排涝能力11项指标。在研究中结合实际情况,探索出定量指标和定性指标的确定方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Land is the valuable resource of economic and social development and important factor of production as well as the material basis of human survival. Besides, land resources are typical of the versatility of natural resources, and with the development of population and economical society, it has suffered pressure from demands coming from many kinds of sectors. Especially, in China possessing rapid economic growth rate, land resources, particularly, the arable land resources have been experienced unprecedented changes under the pressure of this kind of demand. Therefore, it is no doubt that arable land resources are the foundation of national economic, and the security of arable land resources is the prerequisite for the healthy advancement of national economic.Since "survey and quality evaluation of farmland fertility" project was launched by Ministry of Agriculture, standards of it have been gradually formed after years of research and exploration. Consequently, the breadth and depth of theories, methods, and applications on evaluation of farmland fertility have been developed immensely. However, there are still urgent problems to be tackled and consummated due to the complexity and regionalism of object evaluated, such as how to determine the index of assessment as much realistic as possible in view of different areas, the sampling density of evaluation of farmland fertility, and whether the results of interpolation is suitable for the application on the techniques of soil testing and fertilizer.In the procedure of assessment of farmland fertility, the provinces and cities make the countries’soil as the fundamental unit for the soil evaluation, and meanwhile, each of countries must generate their own index of evaluation. Because of the subjectivity of the construction of the index system for land assessment and possibility that experts have their own views towards the index influencing the appraisal of the farmland fertility, chances are that there are likely different options of index of two countries which have the same topography, climate condition, or that the different weight of the same index.Scholars have preliminarily summarized the index of evaluation on farmland fertility of Hubei Province. According to topological features, Hubei Province has been divided into six typical region, including Jianghan Plain, Eastern Plain in Hubei along the Yangtze River, mountainous region in the northwest Hubei, mountainous region in the southwest of Hubei, hillock in the north of Hubei, Hill hillock in middle region of Hubei.Employing the comprehensive system of indicators and soil science theory of the county and city in Hubei and based on the analysis of the cause of the structure of the index system and of the factors, the article attempted to establish the index system of the three types of soil fertility-plain lake, hillock, and hilly areas.Based on the principle of assessment of farmland fertility and the research of the evaluation of farmland fertility taking six countries in Province Hubei, City Jingzhou for examples, employing fuzzy mathematics, analytic hierarchy process, delphi method, and cluster analysis as well as the technology of GIS and soil science knowledge, the paper attempts to establish a uniform index system for the assessment of farmland fertility in Plain Jinghan. Exploiting the custom experience, analyzing the indexes about geomorphology, paternal material, climate and soil nutrient, and combining the methods of analysis of mathematics make successful the construction of index system of regional assessment of farmland fertility. The system have 11 indicators, including the organic matter, phosphorus, potassium, zinc and effective, texture, pH, profile configuration, landform type, soil parent materials, guaranteed rate of irrigation and drainage capacity. Finally, with the study of actual situation, the paper points out how to determine quantitative and qualitative indicators.更多还原