【作者】 刘新燕；

【导师】 邹志荣；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 园林植物与观赏园艺， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,随着乡土景观研究的进一步深入,乡土景观也逐渐成为一个时髦的名词,很多城市景观建设的理念都冠以“乡土”的名头,然而,通过对近年来一些景观建设景观案例的实地考察和研究分析,却发现部分乡土景观建设作品“有乡土的形,而无乡土的魂”,也就是说,虽然这些景观建设作品在立意构思和景观营建中也出现了一些乡土文化的气息并运用了部分体现乡土精神的符号,但是整个作品却无法带给人们心灵上的震撼和感情上的共鸣。究其原因在于,没有深入的挖掘最能够体现地域文化和乡土精神的元素和符号,并且在这些元素和符号的表达过程中手法比较单一,从而无法真正的凸显地域特色,彰显乡土情怀。针对上述问题,本研究结合对关中地区自然环境和历史文化及风俗民情的深入调研,通过实地考察、调研分析、提炼总结、归纳演绎、抽象概括等方法,主要探索在乡土景观营建过程中地域文化、造景元素与造景符号之间的关系;以及造景元素、符号如何通过景观的形式合理表达。文章首先对“乡土”、“景观”、“乡土景观”三个基本概念进行界定,从而提出了乡土景观元素的定义,并阐述了乡土景观元素的类型及特征。其次,对乡土景观的设计原则和设计方法进行了归纳总结。在上述乡土景观设计理论的指导下分别从自然环境、乡土历史文化、乡土物质文化、乡土精神文四个方面挖掘关中地区的乡土景观元素、提取展现地方特色的文化符号,总结出陈列、集聚、夸张、引借、凝炼、融合、变异、材质创新等8种关中地区乡土景观元素表达与营建的手法,以及景观雕塑、硬质景观、建筑装饰、植物造景等6种乡土景观元素表达营建的形式。乡土景观研究的根本其实就是场地记忆的保护和对历史文脉的一种传承。充分了解乡土文化,挖掘最能体现地域特色的乡土景观元素,在尊重乡土自然环境的前提下,通过恰当的景观表达手法,营建出符合当地生活习俗,为广大人民群众喜闻乐见的乡土景观作品,应该是每一景观设计从业者应该具有的自觉意识。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, along with further research of local landscape, local landscape become a fashionable nouns gradually, many of eidos of urban landscape construction was labeled "local". However, through researching and analyzing of some cases about landscape construction in recent years, we found that some local landscape construction works just have "the image of a vernacular, but no native soul", that is to say, though these works exhibit some ideas of native culture in conception and landscape construction, and also use some symbol reflecting agrestic spiritual, the whole work can’t bring people spiritual shock and emotional resonance. We proposed that these work didn’t excavate elements and symbols deeply ,which can reflect regional culture and local spiritual, nor express these elements and symbols from multiple vision, thus cannot highlight regional features and reveal localism truly .Targeting the above aspects, This study took guanzhong area as an example, combined in-depth research of natural environment, history culture and customs in guanzhong region, mainly explored the relationship among regional culture, landscape elements and landscape symbols in local landscape construction process, and how landscape elements and symbols expressed reasonably by landscape. The paper using a lot of research methods such as induce field investigation, analysis, refine sum-up deduce, induce deduction and abstract conceptualization, we firstly defined three basic concept named "local", "landscape", "vernacular landscapes", thus put forward the definition of local landscape elements, and expounds the types and characteristics of local landscape elements. Secondly, we summarized the design principle and design method of vernacular landscapes. Under the guidance of above theory about local landscape design, we made a detailed analysis about the natural environment, local history and culture, local material culture and local spiritual culture of guanzhong area, and excavated local landscape elements, picked up cultural symbol revealing local characteristics basing on above aspects, and also explored the technique and pattern of local landscape elements expression and construction in guanzhong region.summarized 8 kinds of expression and construction methods of local landscape elements in guanzhong region, including display, concentration, exaggeration, led borrowing, concentration, fusion, mutation, and material innovation, as well as 6 kinds of expression and construction forms of local landscape elements such as landscape sculpture, hard landscape, the building decoration and the plant landscaping.The basic of local landscape research is a kind of protection and memories of site memory and historical context. Each landscape design practitioners should have following consciousness: they should fully understand the local culture, excavate local landscape elements which can best embody the regional characteristic, in premise of respecting the local natural environment, use appropriate landscape expression methods, construct local landscape works according with local life custom and popularizing among the the masses.更多还原