【作者】 黄子璐；

【导师】 张银龙；

【作者基本信息】 南京林业大学 ， 生态学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 湖滨湿地作为陆地生态系统和湖泊生态系统之问的重要生态交错带,其自然环境复杂且生态平衡本身较为脆弱,极易受到人类开发建设等活动的影响。近年来湖滨湿地生态系统健康与安全问题日益凸显,甚至阻碍周边地区社会经济的可持续发展。针对日益退化的生态系统,我国实施了一系列保护恢复与重建工程,投入巨大。然而对于已经退化受损的湿地生态系统,单纯通过人工措施恢复建立起来的作用有限,更何况其维护费用高昂。目前普遍的状况是重工程恢复轻维护管理,湿地生态系统的综合效益难以得到持续而有效地发挥。在这种背景下,针对近年来湿地恢复工程的快速发展,本文围绕太湖湖滨湿地保护与恢复的特点和目标要求,在进行文献分析、实地调研与项目咨询的基础上,较为系统地研究和梳理了湖滨湿地恢复工程中的生境改造、水生植物筛选养护和湿地鸟类生境保护与调整等关键技术环节和管理措施,以及恢复工程产生的功能效益和运作管理成效评价,以期为大量湿地恢复重建工程的管理与实施提供良好的借鉴,具体包括以下几方面内容：首先,根据湿地恢复工程实践并运用生态工程学技术,探讨基于不同目标与功能定位的湖滨湿地生境改善与生态恢复技术,提出面源污染控制型、生态景观型、模拟自然植被演替系列、生物生境营建和堤岸生态化改造五种基本生态恢复模式以及相应具体工程技术。其次,通过实地观测得出湖滨湿地主要水生植物物候谱,并基于物候谱探讨湖滨湿地水生植物季节性养护管理,以及基于湿地水生植物适宜水生范围与景观效益的植物筛选和应用配置等技术措施,为水生植物的应用和管理提供更可靠的依据。第三,在分析湿地鸟类群落与生境选择关系的基础上提出湖滨湿地鸟类不同生活史时期与水位条件下的动态管理技术措施,给出太湖湖滨湿地鸟类生境管理的建议。第四,以太湖度假区湖滨湿地恢复工程为例,提出了包括实施过程、工程技术、工程效益和工程可持续性评价四个方面的恢复成效评价的框架和指标体系,并运用层次分析法结合模糊综合评价对其恢复成效作出系统分析,得出能够反映湖滨湿地生态恢复有效性的反馈结果。最后,在政策层面从政府与公众的需求出发,提出健全湿地社区共管等有效的保护管理办法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Lakeside wetland is an important ecotone between terrestrial ecosystem and lakeside ecosystem, it has an complex natural environment,.as well as a fragile ecological balance. Therefore the Lakeside wetland is very vulnerable to human development activities. Recently, the ecosystem health and safety problems of lakeside wetland become increasingly prominent, which may even hinder the sustainable development of their surrounding areas. To rescue the gradually retrogressive lakeside wetland ecosystem, a series of rehabilitation and restoration projects have been implemented in China. However, for these degraded wetland ecosystems, simply establishing some artificial measures to repair them is insufficient, especially when these measures demand a huge amount of maintenance costs. Nowadays, the prevailing situation is that we pay too much attention to the restoration, but neglect the engineering maintenance and management. As a result of that, the overall efficiency of wetland ecosystems is difficult to operate fully.According to the recent quick development of the wetland recovery project, as well as the related literature analysis, field research and project consultation, we discuss the characteristic and objective of the lakeside wetland protection and restoration in this context. The Lakeside wetland restoration projects are implemented by including habitat transformation, selection of aquatic plant species, wetland bird habitat protection and improvement. To provide a good reference for a large number of wetland restoration and reconstruction projects, there are some specific countermeasures listed as followings:At First, on the base of the wetland restoration practice and eco-engineering techniques, we discuss how to improve wetland habitat and ecological restoration for different objectives and functions, such as non-point source pollution control type, ecological landscape type, simulation of natural vegetation succession, and some related specific engineering technologies. Secondly, by observing the lakeside wetlands major aquatic plant phonology spectrum, and basing on the seasonal management measures of aquatic plants,as well as the wetlands of aquatic plants suitable for aquatic range and landscape benefits of plant selection and application, we can make the aquatic plants application and management more reasonable. Thirdly, based on the analysis of the relationship between the wetland bird communities and habitat selection, we provide some dynamic management measures for different life history of lake wetland birds and water level condition, which could be also the suggestions for Taihu Lake wetland birds related management measures. Fourthly, taking the lakeside wetland restoration of the Lake Taihu entertainment area as a case, we bring up the full investigation on the basis of AHP Lake Wetland Restoration Project Construction and performance evaluation system for the corresponding weight analysis and comprehensive evaluation of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The feedback will reflect the ecological restoration of lakeside wetlands’ issue of the validity of the Taihu Lake Resort Lake wetland restoration project. Finally, according to the government policies and the public needs, it is plausible to strength the management approach such as community management of wetlands.更多还原