《本草纲目》量词研究

【作者】 顾亚芹；

【导师】 化振红；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 汉语言文字学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 本文采用共时描写与历时研究相结合的方法对《本草纲目》的量词进行了全面的分析研究。第一章对《本草纲目》的量词进行了分类,并重点介绍了名量词的语法和句法功能。《本草纲目》的名量词和数词、名词的组合形式多样,数量结构在句中充当的成分也是多样的,总体符合出明代量词发展的共性。但囿于文体,又呈现出明显的滞后性。第二章重点描写了《本草纲目》的度量衡量词。分长度单位量词、重量单位量词、容量单位量词三类进行阐述。对每个量词先结合《本草纲目》的实例进行描述,然后在历时层面上进行追溯研究,探讨其产生、流变的过程。第三章重点描写了《本草纲目》中的个体量词。个体量词又分为泛用、次泛用和专用三类。本章采用分组对比的方法,将语义特征或者计量对象相似的一系列量词放在一组讨论,对比同异。作对比研究的前提一是调查每个量词在《本草纲目》中与名词的搭配情况,列出计量对象比较表；二是考察量词在历代文献,尤其是中医文献中的共时和历时的使用发展情况。通过这一系列的对比研究,对《本草纲目》中的个体量词有了较深入全面的理解。第四章和第五章重点描写了《本草纲目》的集合量词和动量词。其中动量词的研究将动量词与动词的搭配情况以及动量词的语法特征结合起来,多角度进行论述。最后对《本草纲目》的量词情况进行了总结,概括出《本草纲目》的量词在数量上和具体使用上的主要特点。即数量和语法形式不够丰富；书中有较多的医书专用量词；总体保守,滞后于时代发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 This thesis analyzes measure-words in Compendium of Materia Medica, using a combined methodology of synchronic and diachronic research.Chapter One classifies the measure-words in Compendium of Materia Medica, focusing on the grammatical and syntactic functions nominal measure-words. Nominal measure-words are combined with numerals and nouns in various ways in Compendium of Materia Medica, and quantifier phrases function as many different grammatical items in its sentences. They generally reflected the common feature of measure-words in Ming Dynasty but meanwhile showed explicit laggardness.Chapter Two puts its emphasis on measurement measure-words in Compendium of Materia Medica, including measure-words for length, measure-words for weight and measure-words for capacity. Every measure-word is described with its usage in Compendium of Materia Medica, and then is elaborated in diachronic terms as to explore its initiation and development.Chapter Three studies individual measure-words in Compendium of Materia Medica, including individual measure-words for general purposes, hypo-general purposes and special purposes. They are categorized according to their semantic features or measurement objects as to make clear comparison. The first of the two premises to such contrastive study is to survey the collocations of every measure-word with nouns in Compendium of Materia Medica and to make a comparative list of measurement objects. The second is to investigate the synchronic and diachronic usage and development in writings of different dynasties with special focus on traditional Chinese medical writings. A panoramic and profound comprehension of individual measure-words in Compendium of Materia Medica shall then be achieved.Chapter Four and Chapter Five respectively dissertate on collective measure-words and action classifiers in Compendium of Materia Medica. The collocations of action classifiers with verbs and the grammatical features of action classifiers are studied as to offer multiple perspectives.The conclusion part summarizes the major characteristics measure-words in Compendium of Materia Medica in terms of numbers and usages. It is concluded that number and grammatical forms of the measure-words are not diverse enough, that many of the measure-words are used exclusively in medical writings, and that Compendium of Materia Medica was conservative and lagged behind the progress of its time as whole in terms of measure-words.更多还原