【作者】 吕平；

【导师】 罗漫；

【作者基本信息】 中南民族大学 ， 中国古代文学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 中国侠文化源远流长,早在先秦时期就已经风靡一时。侠来源广泛,成分复杂,之所以行侠,目的并非为了谋生,而仅因为他们喜欢行侠,喜欢受侠义精神的驱使,去做自己喜欢的事。所以,与其说他们是一特殊的社会集团,不如说是一个具有特殊气质的社会人群。侠的主要成分是气质与果敢的行动,并不出于某一特殊的阶层,他们的出现是与中华民族独特的政治、经济、思想、文化等综合因素密不可分。它的发展大致经历了游侠、文侠、武侠三个阶段,并在长期演变过程中日益社会道德化、伦理化,最终演变成以社会正义、公理为核心的大众文化精神。它的出现也孕育了中国文人士子的侠客梦,为侠文学的发展提供了思想基础,对于中华民族精神的构建具有不可磨灭的贡献,这一中国特有的民族符号一直被世界所瞩目。大唐盛世,国家安定、商业繁荣、都市崛起、民族融合、首开武举、漫游盛行以及思想开明,所有这一切造就了唐代任侠使气之风蔚为大观的局面,其中的侠少是行侠的主体,并可细分为权贵侠少、富豪侠少、边塞侠少、禁军侠少、市井侠少等五个不同的群体,这一群体身上的一个显著标志是仗剑侠客行,负气少年游。他们或边关跑马射箭;或猎场围猎禽兽;或酒楼推杯换盏;或青楼红袖添香;或都市隐姓埋名;或荒郊风流放诞,他们少不谙事,血气方刚而又满怀抱负,气冲斗牛。美酒、宝马、玉剑被侠客所钟爱,成为他们行侠的必备之物,身份的象征,侠少的阳刚之气也得到很好的体现。在他们身上逐渐彰显出一种蓬勃向上、昂扬进取、活泼健康、风流倜傥、自由自在、率性而为、嫉恶如仇、重诺守信、忠君报国、视死如归的少年精神,在他们身上,充分的展现了大唐社会所独有的青春风采和浪漫情怀,彰显着理想主义、英雄主义的壮志豪情,代表了唐人所独具特色的人格魅力和精神气质。唐代咏侠诗是中国诗苑中一朵独特的奇葩,它植根于唐代特殊的社会土壤之中,咏侠诗所传达出的意识形态在中国传统文化的建构中具有极其重要的作用。唐代是一个崇武尚侠的时代,唐代诗人在吟咏侠客中找到了一种享受人生、追求理想的生活方式,侠在诗人那里既是一种生活方式,也是一种精神需要。在诗人的笔下,“少年精神”是侠少气质的代名词,并被其视为一种可被推崇的审美对象,这在唐代已成为整个都市文化中一个最时尚的社会心态。侠在唐代大放异彩,同样,唐代咏侠诗的内涵和外延也是最为宽泛和最富时代感的。本文从社会学、民俗学、政治学、历史学、心理学等角度将唐代咏侠诗放在一个广阔的时代背景下,细读文本,从定量分析和定性分析两个角度对咏侠诗作文化探源,从文学本位角度挖掘出唐代咏侠诗的文化内涵,唐代咏侠诗所具有的独特审美价值和艺术特色,特别是“少年”游侠群像,以及美酒、宝马、玉剑等充满阳刚之气的意象。笔者从心理分析、文本解读等方面出发,不仅偏重于对李白、王维等重点诗人作个案研究,而且从整体着眼,以期在“大格局、大境界”的视野下对唐代咏侠诗作诗性的解读,艺术的审视,美学的观照。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chivalrous culture has a long history in China, which has been all the rage at the time since pre-Qin period with wide-ranging sources and complicated components for the purposes of helping the weak and maintaining the justice, not really for living. They do what they like, not so much a particular social group as a social crowd with some peculiarity. The main elements of chivalrousness are temperament and resolute behavior which are not belong to some special rank but related to unique Chinese national characteristics such as in politics, economics, ideology and culture and so on. The development of chivalrousness experienced three stages: paladin, wenxia , and swordsman. It developed gradually from social moralization and ethics into popular cultural sprite about social justice and truism. Its appearance also gave birth to the chivalrous dream of the Chinese literati, knight literature as the ideological foundation for the development, construction for Chinese national spirit with an indelible contribution to China’s unique national symbol that has been drawn world attention.In the great Tang dynasty, nation stability, commerce prosperity, the rise of cities, national integration, the first open military exam, popular roaming, and open-minded thinking, all resulted in wide spread of the“injustice spirit”. One of the swordsmen is the main line of chivalrousness and chivalrousness can be subdivided into five different groups, namely, powerful swordsman, rich swordsmen, frontier swordsmen, janissary swordsmen, urban swordsmen. A significant feature of this group was helping weak with sword and proud to tour around. They are happily shooting on horse or hunting beasts around the farmland; or drinking with others in the boite; or incensing with bosom friends in brothel; or concealing their real names in urban; or living romantically in rural. They have little social experience with great ambition. Good wine, thoroughbred horses and jade sword are their favorites and became their must, a status symbol, which makes the swordsmen’s masculinity well represented. Gradually the young spirit manifest in them as vigorous, energetic and enterprising, active and healthy, suave and romantic, free, cool, and hating evil as their enemy, trustworthy, loyalty to serve the country, unafraid of death. On them, it fully demonstrated the unique social style of Tang Dynasty and romance of youth, publicity of idealism and heroism, which are on behalf of the characteristics of Chinese unique charm and ethos. Tang Dynasty chivalrous poem is a wonderful work in Chinese poetry field, which is produced in the particular social soil in the Tang Dynasty. The ideology conveyed in chivalrous poems has an extremely important position in the construction of the Chinese traditional culture. It is an era of prevailing chivalrousness, so poets about chivalrous in Tang dynasty found a way of life that is enjoying life and pursuing ideal. Chivalrousness is both a way of life and a spiritual need. In the poet’s writing, young spirit is synonymous with swordsmen temperament, can be regarded as a kind of aesthetic object, which has become one of the most fashionable and cultural social psychology in the city of Tang Dynasty. Chivalrousness shine in Tang Dynasty, at the same time, connotation and extension of Tang Dynasty chivalrous poems are most broad and contemporary.Based on quantitative and qualitative analysis, this thesis investigates the original culture of Tang Dynasty chivalrous poems with a broad background, from the perspective of sociology, folklore, political science, history and psychology. It also presents cultural connotations of Tang Dynasty chivalrous poems from literary point of view. Chivalrous poems in the Tang Dynasty has a unique aesthetic value and artistic value, especially the“juvenile”Ranger Images, and the good wine, thoroughbred horses, jade sword and so the image of masculinity. This writer will adopt psychological analysis and text interpretation not only emphasizing on Li Bai, Wang Wei and other key poets as a case study, but from the holistic perspective to study chivalrous poetry in poetic interpretation, art inspection and aesthetic contemplation.更多还原