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厚膜浆料在晶体硅太阳电池中的应用工艺研究
Study O Applicatio of Thick Film Metallizatio Paste for Crystalline Silicon Solar Cell
【作者】 孙志清；
【作者基本信息】 上海交通大学 ， 材料工程， 2011， 硕士
【摘要】 金属化工艺是目前常规晶体硅太阳电池制造过程中最关键的工艺之一,决定了太阳电池最终的转换效率。目前晶体硅太阳电池生产中常见的金属化工艺为厚膜浆料丝网印刷和烧结工艺。研究厚膜浆料在晶体硅太阳电池上的应用工艺对提高整个太阳电池转换效率具有重要意义。本文研究的主要内容和结果如下:研究了丝网印刷的原理,分别对印刷设备和印刷参数,网版,浆料,硅片以及环境等影响电极质量的因素做了详细的分析。通过几组实验,验证了其中网版和环境温度两个因素对电极印刷质量的影响。总结了一些规律可用于指导生产。总结了前电极的Ag Si接触形成机理的两种不同理论。利用炉温测试仪和相关软件优化太阳电池烧结工艺,通过调整烧结峰值温度,优化烧结工艺,提高了太阳电池转换效率。使用不同扩散方块电阻的硅片制备太阳电池,比较分析各组太阳电池的输出,总结出高方块电阻硅片需要相对较低的烧结温度窗口。此外用不同栅线间距的正面网版,印刷电极制备太阳电池,比较各组太阳电池的输出。总结出缩短栅线的间距,会改善太阳电池的串联电阻和填充因子,但同时增加的栅线阴影损失又会降低短路电流。因此太阳电池栅线的设计需要综合平衡两方面的影响,才能达到最匹配的设计。
【Abstract】 Metallization is one of the most crucial technologies in the manufacturing process of general crystalline silicon solar cell, make a impact on the solar cell conversion efficiency. Currently, the typical commercially metallization method is screen printing and sintering thick film paste for front side and back side of solar cell. Studies on application of thick film paste for crystalline silicon solar cell is highly important improvement for solar cell conversion efficiency.The thesis includes the content as following:The principle of screen printing is investigated. The influences of equipment, printing parameters, screen, paste, wafer and environment are analyzed. Based on several experiments to the effects of the screen and ambient temperature on the quality of the printing electrodes are summarized.We investigate two theories about the sintering process of front contacts and the formation mechanisms of Ag Si contacts. Using temperature tester and associated software the solar cell firing process is optimized. An optimal firing process is obtained by adjusting the peak temperature and the convention efficiency of solar cell is also improved. Using wafers with different values of sheet resistance, the solar cells were made. The output of solar cell in each group are compared and analyzed. We conclude that high sheet resistance solar cell needs low firing temperature window.In addition, different spacing of fine lines screen were used to make solar cell. The conclusions are that shorten the spacing between fine lines will improve solar cell series resistance and fill factor .but while increasing the shadow of the fine line loss will reduce the short circuit current. Therefore the design of fine lines required balance the impact of these two factor to achieve the best performance.