【作者】 王珺；

【导师】 张智；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 市政工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 随着城市化的迅速发展,水污染现象变得越来越严重。加强污水处理、提高污水厂出水水质,是防止水体遭到进一步污染的主要途径。人类环保意识的加强,政策法规对污水厂出水水质要求的不断提高,使污水的深度处理变得越来越重要。稳定塘作为是一种利用天然净化能力的生物处理构筑物的总称,能够有效去除污水中的有机物,具有投资省、运行管理方便、成本低等优点。近年来在国内外得到了广泛的应用,具有广阔的市场前景。镇江市地处长江三角洲,是一座集工业、港口、旅游为一体的城市,加强水环境的保护显得尤为重要。随着国家对环境保护的重视,镇江市也作出了相应措施。《镇江市“十一五”主要污染物减排规划》中规定,2008年起,镇江市所有污水处理厂尾水排放均要求达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB18918-2002）一级A排放标准的要求。征润州污水厂主要负责镇江市主城区生活污水,采用CAST工艺,出水执行《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB18918-2002）一级B标准。通过对污水厂出水水质的分析,发现该污水厂对COD、BOD₅、TP去除效果较好,而对TN、NH3-N、SS的去除效果较差,经常出现超标。特别是在冬季气温较低的情况下,氮的去除效果变得更不理想。本文阐述了稳定塘系统及其小试装置的设计,系统由调节塘、好氧塘、兼性塘和生物塘串联系统组成,试验装置采用等水力停留时间准则对稳定塘系统进行模拟。该稳定塘系统作为深度处理塘,对污水厂二级出水作进一步处理;好氧塘采用较常规水深较大的设计,可由曝气机对塘水进行充氧。生物塘中种植风车草、水芹菜、菹草和菱等水生植物,并养殖鲤鱼、鲫鱼、鲢鱼等鱼类构成生物塘生态系统。试验研究了温度、溶解氧、水力停留时间等因素对稳定塘系统深度处理的影响和变化规律,以及稳定塘系统各单元对主要污染物去除的效能和贡献率,为工艺调控和运行模式的选择提供依据。试验主要分为冬季、夏季两个阶段。在每个阶段考察稳定塘系统对征润州污水厂二级出水进行深度处理过程中对氮、磷等有机物去除的情况。在冬季阶段,总停留时间为6.4d,此阶段稳定塘系统对COD、TN、NH₃-N、TP、SS的去除率分别为50%、40%、70%和55%;在夏季阶段,采用较长的总停留时间10.6d时,稳定塘系统对COD、TN、NH3-N、TP、SS的去除率分别为60%、90%、98%和92%;总停留时间为7.9d时,稳定塘系统对COD、TN、NH₃-N、TP、SS的去除率分别为58%、74%、98%和95%;总停留时间为5.4d时,稳定塘系统对COD、TN、NH₃-N、TP、SS的去除率分别为55%、56%、97%和76%。通过对有无水生植物情况下试验结果的对比,发现水生植物可以使COD、TN、NH₃-N、TP的去除率提高6¹2%、15²5%、20³0%和13²2%。试验结果表明,水生植物在稳定塘系统中对污染物去除起到明显的促进作用,该装置能够有效的去除污水中主要污染物,出水主要指标均达到《城镇污水厂污染物排放标准》（GB18918-2002）一级A标准。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of urbanization, water pollution has become more and more serious. Enhancing the treatment of wastewater and improving the quality of effluent are important approaches to prevent water from further contamination. The improvement of our Environmental awareness and quality of wastewater treatment plant effluent, make the advanced treatment of wastewater becoming more important. Stabilization ponds are biological treatment system that purfying water by natural self-purification capability.Stabilization ponds has many advantages, such as low cost of investment and energy, convenience of management, and can remove the substance effectively. They have been widely applied both at home and abroad recend years, and have a broad market prospect.Zhenjiang, located in the Yangtze river delta, is an integrated industrial, ports and travel for the integration of the city. Enhancing the protection of water environment become particularly important.Recently years the country payed more attention to environmental protection, and Zhenjiang also strengthened the protection measures of water environment. In accordance with the "Eleventh Five-Year" plan of pollutant discharge reduction of Zhenjiang City, effluent of all the wastewater treatment plant should reach grade-one standard A of the urban WWTP pollutant discharge standards （GB18918-2002）.Zheng Runzhou wastewater treatment plant, which uses CAST process, is mainly responsible for the urban district. The effluent can reach grade-one standard B of the urban WWTP pollutant discharge standards （GB18918-2002）. Through the analysis of effluent water quality, we find that Zheng Runzhou wastewater treatment plan has good effect on COD, BOD₅ and TP, while the TN, NH₃-N, SS removal effect are poor, which often exceeding standards. Nitrogen removal effect is poorer, especially in case of low temperature of winter.The paper describes the design of stabilization ponds and experimental equipment. The system consists of regulating pond, aerobic ponds, facultative ponds and biological pond system components in series. And the experimental equipment is simulation of the stabilization ponds by the same HRT. The stabilization ponds system is used for advanced treatment of secondary effluent. The depth of aerobic pond is deeper than normal, and DO in pond is supplemented by aerator. We plant C.alternifolius L, cress cripus and water caltrop, and farm carp, crucian, silver carp and so on, which can make up an artifical ecosystem.The experiment studies the impact of temperature, DO, HRT that haved on the treatment effect and the relationship, which can provide a basis for process control. The experiment studies efficiency and contribution of each unit, which can provide a basis for selection of operation mode.The experiment mainly divided into two stages: winter and summer. We will study the removal condition of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter, etc, at each stage. When HRT is 6.4d in winter, parameters including COD, TN, NH₃-N, TP and SS removal efficiency is 50%, 40%, 70% and 55%. When HRT is 10.6d in summer, parameters including COD, TN, NH3-N, TP and SS removal efficiency is 60%, 90%, 98% and 92%. When HRT is 7.9d, parameters including COD, TN, NH3-N, TP and SS removal efficiency is 58%, 74%, 98% and 95%.When HRT is 5.4d, parameters including COD, TN, NH₃-N, TP and SS removal efficiency is 55%, 56%, 97% and 76%. Based on the comparion of results that whether water plants are in the ponds or not, we find that water plants can promote the parameters including COD, TN, NH3-N and TP removal efficiency by 6¹2%, 15²5%, 20³0% and 13²2%.The results show that water plants can promote the removal efficiency of pollutant. The system can remove the pollutant effectively, and the effluent can reach grade-one standard A of the urban WWTP pollutant discharge standards （GB18918-2002）.更多还原