【作者】 周小三；

【导师】 刘玉东；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 动力工程及工程热物理， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 浮油污染是目前水污染中最主要的类型,而溢油为石油进入水体的主要方式,这些石油化合物对环境和人类健康危害极大。因此,开发优质的吸油材料来解决油污染问题势在必行。本文首先对水上溢油的清除方法、吸油材料的发展以及各类吸油材料的优缺点进行了简要概述,文章的重点是对木棉以及开发的两款木棉基复合吸油材料(木棉-轮胎粉复合吸油材料和木棉-猪毛复合吸油材料)的吸油性能展开实验测试,并根据测试数据对吸油材料的吸油机理及吸油性能与各影响因素之间的关系进行了分析,具体如下。(1)对木棉的吸油速度、饱和吸油能力和重复使用性等吸油性能表征参数进行了测试;对木棉填充密度、环境温度和油品种类对木棉的吸油性能的影响进行了测试分析。结果显示,木棉具有较高的饱和吸油能力,但其重复使用性差。(2)对木棉-轮胎粉复合吸油材料的吸油性能进行了测试;分析了木棉-轮胎粉复合吸油材料的吸油性能与其木棉组分填充密度和轮胎粉与木棉的质量比之间的关系;最后对木棉-轮胎粉复合吸油材料的测试值与其各组分单独使用时的测试值进行了比较。结果显示,木棉-轮胎粉复合吸油材料的重复使用性能相对于木棉有所提高,但其饱和吸油量与其各组分单独使用之饱和吸油量的叠加值相比反而降低。(3)对木棉-猪毛复合吸油材料的吸油性能进行了测试;对木棉-猪毛复合吸油材料的吸油性能与木棉填充密度、猪毛填充密度以及猪毛与木棉的质量比等影响因素之间的关系进行了分析;最后将木棉-猪毛复合吸油材料的测试值与其各组分单独使用时的测试值进行了比较。结果显示,木棉-猪毛复合吸油材料中的猪毛不仅可以提高木棉的重复使用性,而且木棉-猪毛复合吸油材料的饱和吸油量也比其各组分之饱和吸油量的叠加值要高。总之,与其它吸油材料相比,木棉显示出较高的饱和吸油能力,而且木棉-猪毛复合吸油材料在饱和吸油能力和重复使用性两方面都取得了一定提升,可应用于海洋及三峡库区浮油污染的清除。更多还原

【Abstract】 Currently oil pollution is the main type of water pollution and oil spill is the main way for oil dumping into the water body. Petroleum compounds can endanger the ecological environment and human health. Therefore, developing high-performance oil-absorbing materials is an important way to solve oil pollution problem. In this paper, oil spill cleanuped methods, the development of oil-absorbing materials and advantages and disadvantages of kinds of oil-absorbing materials are briefly introduced. The key point of this aticle is intended to testing the oil absorption performance of kapok and oil-absorbing composite materials based kapok (kapok-tires powder oil-absorbing composite materials and kapok-pig hair oil-absorbing composite materials). According to experimental data tested to oil-absorbing materials, oil-absorbing mechanism and relationship between influence factors and oil absorption performance are explained and analyzed.(1) The oil absorption speed, saturated oil absorption capacity and reusability of kapok are tested. Influence on the oil absorption properties by packing density of kapok, environment temperature and oil type are tested and analyzed. The results show that kapok has high saturated oil absorption capacity, but low reusability.(2) The oil absorption properties of kapok-tires powder oil-absorbing composite materials are tested. Influence on the oil-absorbing properties by packing density of kapok and mass ratio between tires powder and kapok are analyzed. Finally the experiment compares oil absorption capacity of kapok-tires powder oil-absorbing composite materials with superposition value by oil absorption capacity of individual components. The results show that tires powder can improve reusability of kapok-tires powder oil-absorbing composite materials somewhat in comparison with kapok, but oil absorption capacity of kapok-tires powder compared with superposition value by oil absorption capacity of individual components used alone is declined.(3) The oil-absorbing properties of kapok-pig hair oil-absorbing composite materials are measured. Inpact on the oil-absorbing properties by packing density of kapok, packing density of pig hair and mass ratio between pig hair and kapok are analyzed. In addition, oil absorption capacity of kapok-pig hair oil-absorbing composite materials is compared with superposition value by oil absorption capacity of individual components of composite materials. The results show that pig hair can not only enhance reusability of kapok-pig hair oil-absorbing composite materials in comparison with kapok, but also increase oil absorption capacity of kapok-pig hair oil-absorbing composite materials compared with superposition value by oil absorption capacity of individual components used alone.In a word, compared with other oil absorption material, kapok shows greater saturated oil absorption capacity. In addition, the saturated oil absorption capacity and reusability of kapok-pig hair oil-absorbing composite materials obtained in this experiment are both improved. So they can be applied to cleanup of oil spill in three gorges reservoir area or the sea.更多还原