【作者】 葛玉平；

【导师】 齐明侠；

【作者基本信息】 中国石油大学 ， 安全技术及工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 钻机固控系统是整套钻机系统中最为重要的部分之一,被称为钻井“血液”的过滤器。合理的固控系统能够有效地控制钻井液固相含量,降低钻井过程中的复杂情况和事故发生的概率,是实现安全、高效、经济钻井的重要技术手段。钻机固控系统是由振动筛、旋流器、离心机、钻井液罐等设备组成的,一旦某一设备发生故障或整体配套不合适将直接影响整套钻机性能,增大钻井施工过程中发生事故的风险。因此,对固控系统进行性能评价和优选对于钻井工程具有重要现实意义。本文首先对固控系统进行了国内外调研,分析了固控系统设备的主要特征,并根据地层岩屑颗粒特征、钻井液性质等研究了固控系统的配套规则,并重点研究分析了固控系统设备本身的性能,从而能根据配套要求选出满足特殊性能要求的固控设备。其次,基于系统工程风险分析理论和钻井设备HSE管理方法,建立了固控系统失效事故树,通过对固控系统整体性能进行了分析评价,识别出了固控系统的安全隐患及致因因素,包括各级设备部件的隐患以及固控系统故障所引发的钻井施工过程中的事故风险,并提出了相应的调控措施。然后,对固控系统关键设备进行了性能测试、评价以及配套优选。对振动筛进行了室内试验研究,根据实验数据对比分析铭牌参数是否符合要求。由于固控系统并不需要所有的设备,本文通过计算分析评价出增加某一设备的可行性。最后,基于国家重大专项项目支持,以VB.NET+SQL为开发平台,编制了钻机配套设备选型系统。基于该系统中的固控系统配套选型模块,现场钻井工程设计人员能够迅速地选择出基于安全性能评价的设备及其部件。更多还原

【Abstract】 Solid control system is the most complicated and important mechanism of drilling rig system. Perfect solid control system could control solid particles effectivly, which might reduce the probobility of drilling complex and accidents, solid control system is the crucial technique to achieve safe, efficient and economical drilling. Solid control system consists of shale shaker, cyclone, centrifuge and mud tank etc., once one of solid control equipments breaks down or the assembly is inappropriate, the overall performance of solid control system might be severely compromised and the risk probobility of drilling accidents would increase accordingly. Therefore, it has practical significance in assessing the performance of solid control system and optimizing the equipments.Firstly, according to the literature survey of solid control system in home and abroad, the main features of the Solid control system equipments were analyzed in this paper. Meanwhile this paper studied the matching rules according to debris particles characteristics and drilling fluid nature, and mainly the performance of solid control system equipments. Thereby, we could select the solid control equipments meeting specific performance requirements according to the matching requirements.Secondly, FTA method was used to analyze causes to system’s failure on the basis of system risk analysis methods and HSE management. By analyzing and assessing the overall performance of solid control system, the factors causing system’s failure and potential safety hazard were indentified, including equipments’fault and drilling complex & accidents caused by equipments’or system’s fault. Meanwhile, the adjustment measures were also presented.Then, in this paper the performance of major equipments was tested and assessed by experimental way. Whether the plate parameters meet the requirement could be verified by compareing the experimental datas. As solid control system does not need all the equipments, the paper analyzed the feasibility of adding some equipment. Finally, drilling rig equipments optimal selection system was developed in this paper by VB.NET+SQL. In the solid control equipments optimal selection modul, the field drilling engineers could quickly figure out reliable, safe and economical schemes for the solid control system.更多还原