【作者】 方倩倩；

【导师】 刘会娥；

【作者基本信息】 中国石油大学 ， 化学工程与技术， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 在石油和天然气开采、运输和炼制过程中,会产生大量的含油污泥,针对常规处理含油污泥能耗大、成本高、会造成资源浪费的缺点,提出了含油污泥的资源化处理方式,回收含油污泥的油份达到资源再利用的目的。本课题主要用溶剂萃取和微乳液萃取的方法处理胜利油田两个不同联合站的含油污泥,回收含油污泥中的油份,得出规律,为工业化生产提供理论依据。实验中以1#溶剂和2#溶剂为溶剂,萃取含油污泥SLT-2(油泥A)中的油份,分别考察了萃取的平衡时间、萃取曲线、平衡时的饱和浓度和分配比;并通过实验验证了萃取剂回收的可能性。实验室研究结果表明以1#溶剂为萃取剂,搅拌30min,污泥A的萃取率最大为78.60wt %。采用表面活性剂、助表面活性剂、盐、油和水分别通过醇度扫描和盐度扫描配制微乳液,考察了表面活性剂、助表面活性剂、盐和油相对微乳液配制的影响并进行了讨论。实验发现,随着醇的含量和盐的含量的增加,体系都有如下变化规律:WinsorⅠ型→WinsorⅢ型→WinsorⅡ型;并且用电导实验数据研究了SDS/正丁醇/2#溶剂/水体系由W/O型微乳液体系→液晶结构→双连续微乳液体系→O/W微乳液的结构转变。实验以SDS为表面活性剂、正丁醇为助表面活性剂、NaCl为盐类、2#溶剂为油相配制不同状态微乳液,用不同的微乳液处理自配油泥(油泥B)和含油污泥SLT-5(油泥C)。处理含油率为34.88wt%且油砂乳化不严重的油泥B,在室温下,搅拌时间为5min,剂泥比(ml/g)为4时萃取率为97.00wt%;采用中相微乳液脱除乳化严重、含油率为18.21wt%的油泥C,萃取率达79.22wt%;采用上相微乳液处理油泥C,萃取率达79.64wt%。更多还原

【Abstract】 Large amounts of oily sludge are produced during the oil and gas exploration, transportation and refining processes. Because of the high power consumption, high cost and resource wasting of the conventional treatment methods, the resouceful treatment of oily sludge was raised, which can recovery oil from oily sludge. In this work, traditional solvent extraction and microemulsion extraction methods were used in treating the oily sludge from two different places of Shengli oilfield. Oil phase was recovered from the oily sludge. Experimental results were analyzed to provide theoretical basis for industrial production.1# solvent and 2# solvent were used as the solvent to recovery oil from oily sludge SLT2(oily sludge A). The balance time of extraction, balance curve, the saturated concentration and the equilibrium distribution ratio were investigated. The possibility of solvent recovery were analyzed through experimental. It was found that the maximum ratio of extraction for oily sludge A is 78.61wt%.Microemulsions were made using acohol scan and salinity scan with surfactant, cosurfactant, salt, oil and water. The influence of surfactant, cosurfactant, salt, oil and water were investigated and discussed. It was found that with the increase of alcohol content and salt content, WinsorⅠ→WinsorⅢ→WinsorⅡcontinuous phase shift can happen in the microemulsion system. The structure change of W/O→bi-continuous structure→O/W, studied through conductance measurement, was established for the SDS/ n-butanol/ 2# solvent / water system and this provide theoretical support for the experiment.The microemulsions made with SDS as surfactants, n-butanol as co-surfactants, NaCl as salt, and 2# solvent as oil phase were used to treat the oily sludge B and the oily sludge C. The oily sludge B, which was artificially made, 34.88wt% oil content, and not seriously emulsified, was treated at room temperature with microemulsion. The oil extraction ratio reached 97.00wt%, under the condition of stirring time being 5 minutes, agent/mud ratio (ml/ g) being 4. While for the seriously emulsified the oily sludge C, the oil content being 18.21wt%, the oil removing rate was foud to be 79.22wt%.更多还原