【作者】 吕亚妮；

【导师】 武兴元；

【作者基本信息】 延安大学 ， 文艺学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 歌德和席勒生活在同一时代背景下,又共同合作十年,不仅结下了伟大的友谊,同时在文艺理论上也有很多相同的看法。他们坚持艺术要反映现实生活,模仿自然。在以自然为基础的同时,加入人的主观意识,发挥人的主观能动性,使艺术在反映现实生活的同时超越现实,达到“美”的目的。歌德提出“艺术既是自然的奴隶,又是自然地主宰”,席勒认为艺术的本质是:“艺术是以模仿自然为基础的自由表现”。他们都强调了“自然”在艺术中的重要性。在艺术创作理论上,歌德和席勒最终走到了一起,认为“艺术应该从特殊中显出一般”。在对于艺术虚构的问题上,歌德和席勒都认识到了虚构或者想象力在艺术创造中的重要作用。关于悲剧理论和艺术功用论,席勒的论述比较多。席勒有自己比较完整的悲剧理论体系,他从悲剧题材产生快感的原因入手,比较完整的论述了悲剧于崇高的关系,以及悲剧的审美效果。席勒非常重视艺术的教化功能,认为通过对人们进行审美教育,能实现“完美的人性”的理想,在教化民众,治理国家上也有重要的作用。歌德和席勒在对美的本质的定义上也是不谋而合的,歌德认为“美是有自由的完善境界”,席勒则主张“美是现实中的自由”。但是他们又有一些差别。对于自然地本质,席勒在主张艺术以现实为基础的的同时更加强调“自由”,认为艺术创作是自由的,是令人愉快的。在文学理想方面,歌德强调显出特征的整体,而席勒则主张用形式消灭内容。更多还原

【Abstract】 Goethe and Schiller lived in the same background, and years of working together, not only forged a great friendship, but also in literary theory, many of the same view. They insist arts to reflect real life, imitating nature. In nature-based, while adding subjective consciousness, to develop people’s initiative to make art while reflecting the reality beyond reality, to achieve "beautiful" goal. Goethe that "art is the nature of the slaves, but also naturally dominate," Schiller that is the essence of art: "Art is the imitation of nature-based free expression." They all stressed the "natural" in the importance of art. In art theory, Goethe and Schiller came together finally, that "art should be in the show from the special general." In the art of fiction is concerned, Goethe and Schiller, or recognize the fictional imagination in the important role of artistic creation. Function on the theory of tragedy and art theory, more discussion of Schiller. Schiller has its own system of relatively complete theory of tragedy, tragic themes arising from the pleasure of his reasons for starting a more comprehensive discussion of the tragedy of the noble relations, and the aesthetic effect of the tragedy. Schiller Education functions of art very seriously, that aesthetic education by the people, to achieve the "perfect human" ideals in educate citizens, govern the country also has an important role. Goethe and Schiller in the definition of the nature of the United States is also coincide, and Goethe that "Beauty is a state of perfect freedom," Schiller then advocated "freedom of the United States is the reality." But they have some differences. For the natural essence of Schiller in that art based in reality, while greater emphasis on "freedom" that art is free, is pleasant. Ideals in literature, Goethe emphasizes the whole show features, and advocate the use of Schiller is to wipe out the contents更多还原