【作者】 王长新；

【导师】 郭志军；

【作者基本信息】 河南科技大学 ， 车辆工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 重型铰接式自卸汽车(Heavy Articulated Dump Truck,简称HADT)是适用于非公路土石方运输作业的车辆。它能在松软、坑洼、泥泞的地面上行驶,具有很好的动力性、机动性和广泛的道路适应性。随着我国经济的快速发展,HADT在矿产资源开发、水利水电、交通基础设施等大型工程建设的中得到广泛应用。这也促使国内企业开始研发这类车辆,如徐工集团、内蒙古北方重工业公司等几家企业开始引进或研发HADT。重型车辆行驶平顺性的好坏不仅会影响驾驶员乘坐舒适性、疲劳程度和工作效能,还会影响车辆零部件的使用寿命。然而影响重型车辆平顺性的主要因素是车辆的悬架系统和驾驶室悬置系统。所以对其平顺性进行分析就需要对悬架系统和驾驶室悬置系统进行动力学计算。根据多体系统动力学理论,先后建立了重型铰接式自卸车的二、四、六和十六自由度的动力学模型。依据拉格朗日方程列出了每个模型的运动微分方程,进行了模态分析,研究了系统的传递特性及系统参数对幅频特性的影响。文中给出了考虑车辆侧倾的悬架动挠度和车轮相对动载荷的频响函数,提出了一个新的系统参数,即左右悬架间距与轮距比,简称间距比。接着根据系统的幅频特性函数和不同等级路面的功率谱密度值计算出来该车辆不同车速不同路面上驾驶室座椅的加权加速度均方根值,评价了车辆的平顺性。根据六自由度模型的评价结果,以驾驶室座椅处加速度均方根值为目标函数,对其平顺性进行了优化。优化的参数包括前悬架的刚度、阻尼及左右间距和驾驶室悬置的刚度、阻尼及左右间距。通过优化,提高了车辆行驶平顺性。最后还给出了改善车辆侧倾的措施。研究结果对重型车辆的平顺性改善具有理论指导作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Heavy articulated dump truck(referred as HADT) is the off-road heavy vehicle, which is suitable for the conditions of earthwork transportation. It can drive on soft, potholes, muddy ground and has good power performance, mobility and adaptability of a wide range of road. With our country’s rapid economic development, HADT are widely used in the construction of mineral resources development, water utilities, transport infrastructure and other large projects. This also facilitates the development of domestic enterprises to research and develop such vehicles, such as the XCMG and Inner Mongolia North Heavy Industries Group.The ride comfort of heavy vehicle not only affect the driver’s comfort, fatigue and work efficient, but also affect the life-span of vehicle parts. Suspension system and cab suspension system of heavy vehicle are the major factors in ride comfort. To analysis the ride comfort of HADT, we need the dynamic analysis and calculation for suspension systems and cab suspension system.According to the multi-body system dynamics, the two-dof、four-dof、six-dof and sixteen-dof dynamic models of HADT are builded one after another. Based on the Lagrange equation,differential equations of motion of each model are listed out and modal analysis are made. Transfer characteristics of the system and the impact of system parameters on amplitude-frequency characteristic are respectively studied. The frequency response function of wheel relative dynamic load and suspension dynamic deflection are given,considering of vehicle rolling. A new system parameter is presented.That is the ratio of the distance between right and left cab suspensions to track width,spacing ratio for short.Then the weighted acceleration rms of cab chair are calculated in different speed and different pavement by means of amplitude-frequency functons and PSD of different rank roads.The ride comfort of HADT is evaluated by the total weighted acceleration rms of cab chair. By evaluation result of six-dof model and taking the total weighted acceleration rms of cab chair as objective function, this paper carries out optimization for six-parameter including the stiffness、damping、spacing of front suspension and the stiffness、damping、spacing of cab suspension. The ride comfort of HADT is improved by optimization.Last,maesures of improving roll vibration are given. The research results provide theoretical guidance for improving the ride comfort of HADT.更多还原