【作者】 徐云飞；

【导师】 孙丙宇；

【作者基本信息】 中国科学技术大学 ， 模式识别与智能系统， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 我国是受各类灾害事件影响最为严重的国家之一,其灾害的特点主要表现在以下几个方面:灾害种类多、分布地域广、发生频率高、造成损失大。由于我国的国情,全国各地经济发展不平衡,东部与西部差异很大,许多地方由于灾害发生时信息不通达导致灾害损失变相增大。在自然灾害发生后,如何以最快、最合理的方式开展救援工作,最大限度的减少损失,是救灾工作实施中的核心环节,救灾是最紧迫的减灾方式。本文根据实际救灾工作中的特点,在以往物资集散地选址以及物资调度的相关研究基础上,分析了关于应急物资集散地的选址问题,提出了不带物资储备库分布约束和带物资储备库分布约束的应急物资集散地选址的模型与算法,并且通过集散地选址的实例验证模型与算法的可行性。从救灾的实际过程出发,面对紧急的灾害事件,受灾点的物资需求都是多样的,灾害救助点很有可能也是多个,并且首先应该是在最短的允许时间内将救灾物资调运到现场,而成本与此目标相比要次之。它需要结合灾害发生时的现实情况做出最优决策,在对现有的关于物资调度的算法的研究基础上提出了一个多集散地、多物资和多物资储备库的物资调度模型与算法,尽可能的在最短的时间内将受灾点最迫切需要的物资送到,更加符合实际救灾过程中的需求,同样结合实例验证了算法的可行性。文章在最后总结目前工作中的不足,并对未来的工作做出了展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 China is one of the countries which have the most serious natural disasters. Our natural disasters basically have the following characteristics, such as various, wide geographical distribution, high frequency, great losses and etc. As Chinese national conditions: uneven economic development across the country, many differences between East and West, so much area because of information not accessible result in the increase of disaster loss when disaster strikes. After a natural disaster, find the fastest, the most reasonable way to reduce the loss to a minimum is the core work in the actual process of relief work. Disaster rescue is the most urgent way to reduce the loss of the disaster.Based on the characteristics of the actual relief work and the related study of collection and distribution centre selecting and material dispatching in the past, this paper analyzes the problem of collection and distribution centre selecting and propound models and algorithms with material storage distributing as restriction and without this restriction. The algorithms have been validated to be feasible through the examples of collection and distribution centre selecting. In front of disaster, proceeding from the actual process of disaster relief which considers the needs of materials are various, disaster relief point is more likely multiple, and the time which allows relief material being transported to the area is more important than the cost of transportation. Based on the existing research on the material dispatching, according to the reality of the disaster rescue, this paper propound a model of multi-collection-and-distribution-centre, multi-material, multi-material-storage which aims the shortest time of the transportation. As the same, this model has proved its feasibility. At the end, this paper concludes the lack of the current work, and makes the prospect of future work.更多还原