【作者】 刘绩伟；

【导师】 吴玉庭；

【作者基本信息】 北京工业大学 ， 热能工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 空间热泵排热系统由于能够利用循环工质的潜热,提高辐射器的工作温度,提升废热的品质,性能系数高,因而被广泛认为是下一代航天器热控制技术。压缩机作为热泵系统的关键技术,直接关系系统使用性能。本文搭建了微型热泵性能试验系统,进行了试验研究,设计了空间辐射冷凝器,研制了微型热泵排热系统样机,并对样机性能进行了测试。首先,搭建了微型热泵性能试验台,对其进行了试验分析,得到了充注量、冷却水温度、冷冻水温度以及压缩机控制电压对制冷量、散热量、压缩机耗功以及制冷COP的影响关系。试验结果表明,冷冻水温度为18℃,冷却水温度35℃情况下,制冷剂的最佳充注量为220g,系统最大制冷量279W,对应制冷COP为2.31;冷却水温度由21℃增加到47℃时,制冷量由505W降低至426W,制冷COP由5.64降低至2.78;冷冻水温度由18℃增加至52℃时,系统制冷量由236W增加至673W,制冷COP由2.01增加至5.40;压缩机控制电压越高,系统制冷量越大,压缩机耗功增加,制冷COP降低。此外,还对压缩机进行了48小时的稳定性实验,压缩机具有良好的稳定特性,可以在长时间的供应400W以上制冷量。设计了热负荷为450W的空间管道-肋片辐射器,建立了热分析模型,计算得到了辐射器肋片宽度、导管直径对单位面积传热量、重量及肋片效率的影响曲线,最终以单位面积传热量最大为依据确定了最佳肋片宽度,得到管道-肋片辐射器各参数,得到肋片宽度方向温度分布曲线。分析了在地面环境温度下,管道-肋片辐射器包括自然对流、辐射散热在内的复合散热情况,得到了不同温度下,辐射冷凝器的复合散热量曲线。研制了微型热泵系统样机,测试了样机的工作特性。在环境温度22℃,冷冻水19℃时,样机的最佳充注量为180g,最大制冷量达到344W;冷冻水温度29℃,样机在12h的连续工作中制冷量保持在500W以上,运转平稳,噪音低。最后分析了研制的微型热泵排热系统样机存在的问题,提出了初步的改进方案。更多还原

【Abstract】 Heat pump system is widely considered as the next generation thermal control technology of spacecraft because of being able to take advantage of the refrigerant latent heat, raising radiator temperature, improving the quality of waste heat and having a higher COP. As the key technology of heat pump system, compressor is directly related to the performance of it. In this paper, a micro-heat pump performance test system was set up, experimental studies were carried out, a space radiation condenser was designed, a miniature heat pump system prototype was designed and developed, and oprating characteristics were conducted.Firstly,an experimental system is designed and set up for investigating the operation characteristics of miniature heat pump system, refrigerating output, power input and COP were obtained under different work conditions. The measured results indicate that the optimal charging quantity is 220g, the maximum refrigerant output is 279W and COP is 2.31 in conditions of 18℃chilled water and 35℃cooling water. When the cooling water temperature raised from 21℃to 47℃, the cooling capacity decreased from 505W to 426W and the COP reduced from 5.64 to 2.78. When the chilled water temperature raised from 18℃to 52℃, the cooling capacity increased from 236W to 637W and the COP increased from 2.01 to 5.40. Cooling capacity and power consumption increase rapidly as the control voltage changed from 1V to 5V, but COP decrease. Moreover, a 48 hours’stability test was conducted, the compressor can run well with a 400W refrigerant capacity.A 450W heat rejection fin-tube radiator was designed; a thermal analysis model was established; curves were obtained which described variations of heat rejection capacity of radiators per unit area, radiator weight and fin efficiency against fin width and tube diameter. Optimal fin width was determined based on the maximum heat rejection capacity of radiators per unit area, after that the other parameters were all calculated, the curves against temperature along fin width were obtained. Composite heat rejections include nature convection and thermal radiation in different environment temperature on the ground which the fin-tube radiator rejected was analysis and the heat rejection curves were got.A miniature heat pump system prototype was designed and developed, and operating characteristics were conducted. In conditions of 22℃environment temperature and 19℃chilled water inlet temperature, the best refrigerating charge was 180g with a maximum refrigerating output which was 344W. When the chilled water inlet temperature was 29℃, the refrigerating output could reach more than 500W of the prototype which operated smoothly with low noise persistently. Finally the problems of the miniature heat pump prototype were analyzed and improvement scheme were put forward.更多还原