【作者】 孙舒；

【导师】 曹树谦；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 一般力学与力学基础， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 压电材料以其较强和稳定的压电性能成为应用最广泛的智能材料,其中超声电机和压电发电就是压电材料在工程中的典型应用。由于压电材料本身存在迟滞非线性,给压电材料的应用带来一定困难。因此,研究压电材料的迟滞非线性等动力学特性对压电材料的有效应用具有重要意义。本文围绕压电材料三次多项式迟滞模型进行了定性分析和改进,对压电材料的迟滞特性进行了实验研究;对超声电机中存在的非线性现象进行了实验测量,并对结果进行了分析;根据设计制作的冲击测试装置对压电陶瓷叠片的冲击响应特性开展了实验研究。主要工作和结论如下:(1)简述了压电材料的发展、性质以及在超声电机和压电发电中的应用,并阐述了压电材料迟滞非线性、超声电机非线性动力学和压电结构冲击特性的实验研究进展。(2)通过与他人建立的迟滞模型进行定性比较和实验研究,得出三次多项式迟滞模型的适用范围及影响迟滞的因素,并提出了改进的压电迟滞模型。(3)用实验方法测量了旋转行波型超声电机的反馈电压和转速,揭示超声电机整机模型动力学响应的多解现象。(4)通过分析和测量压电元件的尺寸、模态对发电量的影响,确定冲击测试装置整体的尺寸;并测量了冲击力及压电元件的最大承受力,以保证压电元件正常工作;最后测量了压电元件的发电功率,为在考虑压电迟滞下压电发电的理论研究做准备工作。通过本文的研究,为三次多项式迟滞模型和超声电机整机模型的应用提供了依据,为理论分析压电结构的动力学响应和电学响应提供了基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 Piezoelectric materials are widely used as smart materials for their stable piezoelectric properties. Ultrasonic motors and piezoelectric power generators are two typical applications of piezoelectric materials in engineering. As the undesired hysteretic nonlinearities being inherent in piezoelectric materials, it is important to research the hysteretic nonlinear dynamics of piezoelectric materials.In this paper, the cubic polynomial model was analyzed and improved firstly, and some experiments on hysteresis of piezoelectric ceramic laminate were carried out. Secondly, the nonlinear behavior of ultrasonic motor was measured and analyzed. Finally, by using impact test equipment, some experimental researches were done to investigate the impact responses of the piezoelectric ceramic laminate. The major work of the paper was summarized as follows:(1) The properties of piezoelectric materials and their applications in ultrasonic motors and power generator were introduced briefly. The development of hysteretic nonlinearities of piezoelectric materials, nonlinear dynamics of ultrasonic motors, as well as impact properties of piezoelectric structures is summarized.(2) The applicable condition and related parameters of the cubic polynomial hysteresis model were analyzed qualitatively by comparing it with the other hysteresis model. Based on the above analysis, one improved piezoelectric hysteresis model was proposed.(3) With rotary traveling wave ultrasonic motor’s feedback voltage and rotor speed measured, the dynamic responses of the stator and the rotor were measured and some nonlinear phenomena were found.(4) The impact test device was invented by analyzing and measuring the size and mode of piezoelectric ceramic element. The impact responses of piezoelectric ceramic laminates and the maximum carrying capacity of piezoelectric ceramic elements were measured to ensure piezoelectric ceramic element work normally. The generating power of piezoelectric structure was tested. All these results would make a foundation for further theoretical research of piezoelectric power generators in future. The results given in this thesis provide a basis for the applications of the cubic polynomial hysteresis model and the model of whole system of ultrasonic motor, and make a foundation for theoretical research of mechanical and electrical responses of piezoelectric structure.更多还原