【作者】 桂丽娟；

【导师】 吴忆宁； 彭永臻；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 环境工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 活性污泥膨胀是活性污泥法问世以来在运行管理与控制中的难题之一,是活性污泥法的癌症,发生率高,危害大,难治理。彭永臻教授变控制为利用,提出了低溶解氧丝状菌污泥微膨胀节能方法。本论文以此方法为基础,围绕三个方面展开:低DO下微膨胀的启动和维持、微膨胀时出水水质的考察和膨胀的抑制。研究了污泥膨胀的引发问题,采用协同低DO和负荷启动了污泥膨胀,并且对比了膨胀状态下污染物的去除特点。结果发现,在DO < 0.5 mg/L,MLSS 3000-3500 mg/L的条件下,负荷为0.22 gCOD/(gMLSS·d)时,未发生污泥膨胀;负荷为0.44 gCOD/(gMLSS·d)时,发生丝状菌微膨胀;在负荷为0.66 gCOD/(gMLSS·d),引发粘性膨胀。粘性膨胀时出水氨氮及磷去除效果变差,但丝状菌膨胀时氨氮及磷去除效果良好,且比吸磷速率更快,出水SS更低。且都发生了同步硝化反硝化现象,未发生污泥膨胀时SND率最大,丝状菌膨胀时次之,粘性膨胀时最小。研究了污泥膨胀的抑制,防止过度膨胀。通过调节工艺参数,系统地研究了有机负荷,溶解氧,进水方式等常见运行参数对丝状菌污泥膨胀的抑制作用。结果发现,单独提高DO(4mg/L-6mg/L)对抑制丝状菌膨胀作用不大。单独增大有机负荷(>0.40kgCOD·kgMLSS-1·d-1)以及强化贮存选择作用难以有效抑制丝状菌膨胀,并且如果后续曝气时间控制不利易引发粘性膨胀。增设前置缺氧或厌氧段,是抑制丝状菌污泥膨胀的有效手段。探讨了过度厌氧对丝状菌污泥膨胀的抑制作用。结果发现,过度厌氧对丝状菌膨胀抑制强化作用不大。且过度厌氧对脱氮除磷反应历程没有影响,未增加厌氧阶段释磷量。另外,低氧下发生了同步硝化反硝化,在平均溶解氧小于0.4mg/L范围内,SND率随平均溶解氧升高而增大。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the Activated sludge process has been commonly employed in wastewater treatment plants, it offen suffered the cancer of sludge bulking. Sludge bulking problem has the specialty of high frequency, strong damage, hard to solve and so on. Pro.Peng Yongzhen changed the view of controlling to utilizing, firstly proposed“The theory and technique of saving energy achieved by limited filamentous bulking under low DO”. The method is working by controling the activated sludge wastewater treatment system under low DO conditions artificialy, to cause sludge bulking happen. But the phenomenon of sludge flowing out of the system should not happen. It can realize the aim of improving the outflow water quality and saving energy by utilizing the filamentous specialty of high ratio surface area and strong ability to resistence low DO and decompose low organic concentration. Significantly, after its introduction, there are three questions about the study: how to achieve and stay steady limited filamentous bulking;the removal effect of pollutes and the inhibitting of bulking. In this paper, the three aspects and their spread were investigated.Firstly, the operating parameter caused and stayed limited filamentous sludge bulking were investigated in a lab-scale SBR reactor. The effects of sludge loads under low DO condition on activated sludge settle ability was investigated. Results showed that when the system was kept in low DO level, the sludge settled properly at sludge load of 0.20g/(g?d),deterioration of SVI was faster as the sludge loads grew higher. And the kind of sludge bulking was not the same. When sludge load was 0.66g/(g?d) non-filamentous activated sludge bulking occurred,and when sludge load at 0.44 g/(g?d) filamentous activated sludge bulking occurred. And the removal effect under different kind of bulking was compared. The removal effect of de-nitrogenized and de-phosphorusized deteriorated in non-filamentous activated sludge bulking but it would not occur under filamentous activated sludge bulking, Besides, the rate of phosphorus absorption was faster, and SS in effluent was almost negligible. The SND rate was the biggest when sludge bulking didn’t happen, which decreased when non-filamentous activated sludge bulking occurred, and was the smallest in the condition of filamentous activated sludge bulking.Secondly, through adjusting process parameters to inhibit filamentous sludge bulking. Inhibition effect of organic loading rate, dissolved oxygen(DO), feeding pattern and some other common operation parameters on filamentous sludge bulking were investigated by SBR systematically. The results showed that, the effect of inhibiting filamentous sludge bulking through increasing DO (4-6mg/L) alone is not obvious;and it is difficult to inhibit filamentous sludge bulking through increasing organic loading rate alone (>0.40kgCOD?kgMLSS-1?d-1) or enhance storage selective function. What’s worse, if aerobic time and aeration rate are not proper, viscosity sludge bulking is prone to happen; setting up proposed anoxic(anaerobic) phase is an effective method to inhibit filamentous sludge bulking.Besides, the effect of over-anaerobic on inhibitting filamentous sludge bulking was studied in SBR system. Results showed that the Sludge traits became better in the two systems however the role of over anaerobism on inhibiting filamentous sludge bulking is not remarkable.And Over-anaerobic has no significant effect on the process of the process character of de-nitrogenized and de-phosphorusized; phosphorus release will not rise by means of excessive anaerobism. Besides evident SND phenomenon and SND rate increases with the higher average DO within the range of 0.4mg / L更多还原